粒级-标准偏差法和主成分因子分析法在粒度敏感因子提取中的对比

沉积物全样粒度参数已很难对受不同物源和不同沉积动力影响的古环境进行深入研究,不同来源的多组分分离提取敏感粒级方法较多,不同的方法提取的粒级兼容性及其所反映的环境意义差别值得探讨。本文利用烟台四十里湾3个柱状沉积物粒度分析数据为基础,对比分析粒级-标准偏差法和主成分因子分析法提取的环境敏感因子及其反映的古环境意义。结果表明,两种方法提取的环境敏感因子粒级一一对应,两种方法所提取的敏感粒级含量在沉积物中存在相同的变化趋势,这说明了两种方法均能敏感地反映沉积物相同的沉积动力特征,但粒级-标准偏差法所提取的粒级易受端元组分影响,粒级-标准偏差法所提取的敏感因子主要反演主控因子环境信息。     

黑龙江省生态足迹计算与动态分析

生态足迹模型是定量评估可持续发展状态的代表之一.1978年以来,全省总生态足迹以40.2万hm2/年的速度增长,各类生态足迹也不断增长,化石能源增长速度快,省人均生态足迹从1.4832 hm2/人增加至2010年的1.905 7 hm2/人,增加0.422 5 hm2/人,上升28.49％,对生态足迹贡献率排序:化石能源用地＞耕地＞建设用地＞水域＞草地＞林地;生态承载力78年时为7 995.23万hm2,2010年达7 726.37万hm2,2010年贡献率排序为林地＞耕地＞水域＞化石能源用地＞草地＞建设用地;1993年后处于生态赤字状态,从单项土地类型来看,水域和林地处于生态盈余状态.     

A lab-scale study on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification for nitrogen control in aquatic ecosystem

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrogen (N) loss is generally caused by denitrification under anaerobic conditions and the N loss in the heterotrophic nitrification_aerobic...     

基于HJ-1A卫星超光谱数据的太湖叶绿素a浓度及悬浮物浓度反演

通过对2010年5月2日太湖HJ-1A卫星超光谱影像的几何纠正和6S模型辐射校正,以及水体实测光谱数据和影像光谱数据分析,将太湖28个水体采样点光谱数据分别进行归一化处理和一阶微分处理后,选取和水质参数相关系数最大的波段或波段组合建立反演模型,获得太湖叶绿素a浓度以及悬浮物浓度的空间分布图.研究表明,超光谱影像B73波...     

Research on the hierarchical structure of the metropolitan system and economic development of the provincial capital urban circle in Shandong

Regional development is the trend for future urbanization, and the urban circle is a highly efficient economic spatial pattern of regional development. This study selects statistical data of urban area population, GDP, and the output value of tertiary industry for seven cities in China – Jinan, Zibo, Tai’an, Laiwu, Dezhou, Liaocheng, and Binzhou – in the Shandong provincial capital urban circle from 2005 to 2009. It uses the principles and Zipf model, rank-size rule, and Lotka logarithmic model to analyze and study the hierarchical structure of the metropolitan system and economic development of the Shandong provincial capital urban circle. Based on the above research, this paper provides references for decision-making on enhancement of the metropolitan system structure, improvement in core city primacy index, the optimal adjustment of industrial structure and the optimal allocation of essential resources.     

Chemical and optical properties of aerosols and their interrelationship in winter in the megacity Shanghai of China

A field campaign on air quality was carried out in Shanghai in winter of 2012. The concentrations of NO, NO₂, NO_x, SO₂, CO, and PM_2.5 increased during haze formation. The average masses of SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ were 10.3, 11.7 and 6.7 μg/m³ during the haze episodes, which exceeded the average (9.2, 7.9, and 3.4 μg/m³) of these components in the non-haze days. The mean values for the aerosol scattering coefficient (b_sp), aerosol absorption coefficient (b_ap) and single scattering albedo (SSA) were 288.7, 27.7 and 0.91 Mm^-1, respectively. A bi-peak distribution was observed for the mass concentrations of CO, NO, NO₂, and NO_x. More sulfate was produced during daytime than that in the evening due to photochemical reactions. The mass concentration of NH₄⁺ achieved a small peak at noontime. NO₃^- showed lower concentrations in the afternoon and higher concentrations in the early morning. There were obvious bi-peak diurnal patterns for bsp and bap as well as SSA. bsp and bap showed a positive correlation with PM_2.5 mass concentration. (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, organic mass, elemental carbon and coarse mass accounted for 21.7%, 19.3%, 31.0%, 9.3% and 12.3% of the total extinction coefficient during non-haze days, and 25.6%, 24.3%, 30.1%, 8.1% and 8.2% during hazy days. Organic matter was the largest contributor to light extinction. The contribution proportions of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate to light extinction were significantly higher during the hazy time than during the non-haze days.     

Policy options to promote Chinese new energy vehicles consumption

Inspired by the green revolution,new energy vehicles(NEVs)provide a fresh,alternative mode of transportation for Chinese consumers mat reduce their reliance on traditional,gasoline/diesel-based cars.However,despite strong government support for NEVs in China,the level of uptake by consumers remains slow.Using Shanghai as a case study,this article provides a much-needed insight into local consumers’motivations to invest in NEVs through a survey of 100 Shanghai residents.Results indicate that current NEV promotion policies do not have a significant impact on the cognitive trade-off of NEV consumption under the"Integrated Consumer Behavior Model,"mainly due to inconvenient charging facilities,technical concerns regarding battery,higher prices,and wait-and-see attitudes regarding the pilot policy environment.Drawing on experiences from Sweden and New Zealand,this research serves to enhance knowledge on consumer attitudes towards NEVs and assist policy makers in developing more effective green consumption promotion campaigns in the future.     

二噁英类的主要形成过程及分析方法

二噁英高度的持久性、强烈的亲合性使其几乎无处不在,并在生物组织中极易积累,从而成为人们所熟悉的环境中毒性最大的有机化合物之一.本文简单地介绍了二噁英类的毒性、主要形成过程及分析方法.     

辽东半岛东岸泥质区有机物分布特征及其环境指示意义

为研究人类活动及鸭绿江陆源输入对河口海岸及陆架泥质区沉积环境的影响,本文通过对2017年于辽东半岛泥质区东部采集的Q02柱与西部Q04柱进行210Pb定年、粒度、总有机碳、总有机氮、δ13C同位素等指标综合分析,利用Meyers研究模型结合C/N值及δ13C同位素含量分析不同物源有机质贡献率。结果表明:（1）两根柱样TOC与TN含量近百年来逐渐升高,C/N值在9~11之间为海陆混合来源。沉积物主要以粉砂及粘土为主,粉砂含量最高,粘土次之,砂含量较少。（2）有机碳来源占比均呈陆源降低海源升高的特点,分别反映了泥质区东部与西部不同主导因素对海域环境的影响。东部沉积环境主要受流域环境变化与海域共同作用,垦荒、自然灾害、日俄战争等事件造成了植被覆盖降低,水库建设减少了陆源有机碳输入;西部沉积环境主要受沿岸人类活动、水体富营养化的影响,"弛禁"政策导致植被覆盖被破坏,港口修建、水产养殖等活动造成水体营养物质增多,引起海洋环境恶化。     

Cow dung-derived biochars engineered as antibacterial agents for bacterial decontamination

Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways. Herein, we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw material, and investigating these biochars as antibacterial agents for water decontamination. By coating the biochars with N-halamine polymer and loading them with active chlorine (i.e., Cl⁺), we were able to regulate them on demand by tuning the polymer coating and bleaching conditions. The obtained N-halamine-modified biochars were found to be extremely potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We also investigated the possibility of using these N-halamine-modified biochars for bacterial decontamination in real-world applications. Our findings indicated that a homemade filter column packed with N-halamine-modified biochars removed pathogenic bacteria from mining sewage, dairy sewage, domestic sewage, and artificial seawater. This proposed strategy could indicate a new way for utilizing livestock pollutants to create on-demand decontaminants.