浸没式膜生物反应器中气含率的研究

通过对浸没式膜生物反应器中总平均气相含率、下降区气含率和上升区气含率的测量和研究,实验表明:反应器运行的适宜工况流量为:100~300 m3/h之间,曝气量:2.5~7.5 m3/h;验证了静压差法测量气含率的方法在膜生物反应器中的适用性;根据测量数据分析得出膜生物反应器中总平均气含率随曝气量的增大而增加,整个下降区气含率及计算得到的上升区气含率都稳定增大,但下降区内部每段气含率呈现余弦曲线的变化规律。     

Ce-Mn复合氧化物上PTA尾气的催化燃烧

研究了在Ce-Mn复合氧化物上对苯二甲酸（PTA）生产尾气中有机杂质的催化燃烧效果。考察了W/V杂质、床层入口温度、有机杂质体积分数和总体积空速等对对二甲苯、醋酸甲酯催化燃烧的影响,结果表明：以空气作为氧化剂,当W/V杂质大于200 g.min/L,有机杂质体积分数低于0.8%,反应气体总空速低于30 000 h-1,...     

可持续发展的排水系统设计

摘要：城市排水系统是保护公共生产、生活安全以及防护洪水的首要部分。世界众多国家利用多年时间出台了相关立法并提高了城市排水系统的设计标准。排水系统设计依靠成熟的软件工具已经进化成一个非常规范化的产业。这篇文章着眼于新的工业推动力,独特的可持续发展力,综述在设计时结合可持续排水系统的方式,讨论在未来设计过程改进的方式。     

基于属性识别理论模型的城市大气环境质量评价——以镇江市2009年为例

通过阐述属性识别理论和变异系数,建立大气环境质量评价的属性识别理论模型,并参照国家大气环境质量标准(GB3095-1996),以镇江市环保局2009年提供的原始数据为对象,对镇江市大气环境质量进行空间上的综合评价。结果表明,镇江句容市的大气环境质量为Ⅰ级(清洁),市区、扬中市和丹阳市的大气环境质量为Ⅱ级(轻污染)。同时,属性识别理论模型计算较为简单,评价客观;结合对主要污染物平均浓度变异系数的分析,使区域间的比较更为清晰,更能反映出真实情况。     

黑臭河道中聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠固定微米沸石粉去除氨氮

采用聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠对微米沸石粉进行固定,通过批次吸附实验探究水凝珠去除氨氮的效果及其机制.结果表明:PAZ-20的投加量超过10 g·L-1时,氨氮去除率达到了 80％之上.pH为3～8时,pH增加对PAZ吸附氨氮影响不大,当pH从9增至11时,氨氮去除率随pH的增大而显著减小,PAZ吸附氨氮的最佳pH为7.水温为5～25℃时,氨氮去除率随温度升高而逐渐上升,25～35℃内略有上升,水温升至401,氨氮去除率有所下降.准二级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温线模型能够更好地拟合PAZ吸附氨氮.PAZ-20对于水中阳离子的吸附能力为:K+＞Mg2+＞Na+＞Ca2+.共存阳离子对PAZ吸附氨氮的影响程度为:K+＞Na+＞Ca2+＞Mg2+.扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱分析显示微米沸石粉被良好地固定在聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠中.PAZ可用于黑臭河道的治理,且受共存阳离子的干扰较小.     

基于实测高光谱数据的太湖悬浮物浓度与透明度分区

通过实地测量太湖水体的反射光谱和表层水质,利用实测数据以及水-气界面辐射传输模型计算其遥感反射率,并根据太湖的实际水质状况将其划分为3个区域,分别分析太湖总体和分区的反射光谱曲线,建立太湖不同区域水体悬浮物浓度和透明度的反演模型。结果表明,就悬浮物浓度和透明度而言,太湖3个区域中以东太湖水质最佳,贡湖、梅梁湖和竺山湖次之,南部和西部最差;对太湖进行分区研究能够更好地反应太湖水质的差异性,拟合各区域的水质状况,分区模型精度较全湖区模型高,误差也普遍较小,能够提高研究结果的可信度和可行性。     

Characterization of soil heavy metal contamination and potential health risk in metropolitan region of northern China

Soil in metropolitan region suffers great contamination risk due to the rapid urbanization especially in developing countries. Beijing and Tianjin, together with their surrounding regions, form a mega-metropolitan region in northern China. To assess the soil environmental quality, a total of 458 surface soil samples were collected from this area. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd, and Hg were analyzed and compared to the Chinese environmental quality standards for soil. Multivariate analysis was carried out to identify the possible sources and Geographic Information Systems techniques were applied to visualize the spatial data. It was found that the primary inputs of As were due to pedogenic sources, whereas Hg was mainly of anthropogenic source. Other elements including Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd were from both lithogenic and anthropogenic origins. Health risk assessment based on the maximum heavy metal concentration indicated that As derived from sewage irrigation area can result in carcinogenic lifetime risk due to ingestion and/or dermal contact of soil. The potential non-carcinogenic risk for children is significant for Pb and the cumulative effect of multiple metals is of concern for children in the vicinity of mining site. The results increased our knowledge for understanding natural and anthropogenic sources as well as health risk for metals in metropolitan soil.     

Secondary organic aerosol formation from straw burning using an oxidation flow reactor

Herein, we use an oxidation flow reactor, Gothenburg: Potential Aerosol Mass (Go: PAM) reactor, to investigate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from wheat straw burning. Biomass burning emissions are exposed to high concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) to simulate processes equivalent to atmospheric oxidation of 0-2.55 days. Primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated, and particles were measured before and after the Go: PAM reactor. The influence of water content (i.e. 5% and 11%) in wheat straw was also explored. Two burning stages, the flaming stage, and non-flaming stages, were identified. Primary particle emission factors (EFs) at a water content of 11% (∼3.89 g/kg-fuel) are significantly higher than those at a water content of 5% (∼2.26 g/kg-fuel) during the flaming stage. However, the water content showed no significant influence at the non-flaming stage. EFs of aromatics at a non-flaming stage (321.8±46.2 mg/kg-fuel) are larger than that at a flaming stage (130.9±37.1 mg/kg-fuel). The OA enhancement ratios increased with the increase in OH exposure at first and decreased with the additional increment of OH exposure. The maximum OA enhancement ratio is ∼12 during the non-flaming stages, which is much higher than ∼ 1.7 during the flaming stages. The mass spectrum of the primary wheat burning organic aerosols closely resembles that of resolved biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOA) based on measurements in ambient air. Our results show that large gap (∼60%-90%) still remains to estimate biomass burning SOA if only the oxidation of VOCs were included.     

太湖湖滨带大型底栖动物的群落结构研究

为调查太湖湖滨带大型底栖动物群落现状和探索不同湖区之间差异,于2009年12月和2010年4月对太湖湖滨带49个采样点完成两次调查采样。共采集大型底栖动物3门7纲69种。太湖不同湖区的湖滨带之间分类数、平均密度和生物量都存在显著的空间差异(P0.05)。经过计算可以得出,各湖区大型底栖动物多样性和均匀度从高到低依次为东部沿岸、贡湖湾、东太湖、南部沿岸、梅梁湾、竺山湾、西部沿岸。不同湖滨带生态环境的差异,影响了大型底栖动物群落结构的组成。     

关于促进环保产业发展的经济政策研究

中国目前的经济、政策环境及环保市场决定了环保产业正迎来快速发展的良好契机,但现有对环保产业的经济扶持政策还不完善,存在刺激力度不大、范围较窄、资金缺口大且来源单一等问题。为解决目前中国环保产业所面临的一系列"瓶颈"问题,下一步,应重点从财政、税收、金融以及价格收费等4个方面入手,完善对环保产业的经济扶持政策,直接或间接刺激其快速发展,使其成为支柱性产业。