太湖表层沉积物重金属的分布、来源与生态风险评价

对2010年太湖表层沉积物样品进行pH、温度、氧化还原电位、含水率、孔隙度、粒径、总磷和烧失量这8种理化指标和Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Ba、Mn、Co和V这9种重金属含量测定分析.结果表明,太湖表层沉积物重金属含量大小为：Mn>Ba>Zn>Cr>V>Ni>Pb>Cu>Co,且各重金属含量均超过背景值,这9种重金属与太湖流域地质作用紧密相连,同时也受到了不同程度人类活动的影响.通过聚类分析和重金属空间分布分析可知,北太湖段和南太湖段重金属含量均从湖岸向湖心有所减少,西太湖段重金属含量从湖岸向湖心有所增高,湖心区重金属含量分布相对均匀.通过相关性分析可知,不同重金属在不同程度上具有正相关性,反映其具有同一污染来源.通过PCA和PMF分析可知,太湖重金属来源多样,交通和工业复合源是最主要的来源,成岩作用是第二主要来源,农业是第三主要来源.此外,收集分析了2000~2020年太湖表层沉积物重金属的污染情况,通过重金属地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数可知,Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr和Pb的污染程度和潜在生态风险均呈下降趋势.这为太湖今后的重金属污染控制提供了有力的理论支撑.     

China-Indian Silk Trade: Current Production and Future Prospects

Abstract

As an important traditional labor-intensive industry of both India and China, the cocoon silk industry has long made great contributions to the ecological environment protection, rural economic development and the increase in export income of both countries. India is not only a very important cocoon silk trading partner, but an important production competitor of China. In recent years, there has been a large increase in the production and trade of the cocoon silk between China and India; however, China relies heavily on Indian market, which leads to a tendency of further deterioration in the silk trade environment between both countries. The present article makes an empirical study of the cocoon silk resources of the two countries and the scale, product mix and market structure of China–Indian silk trade from 2001 to 2007. Overall silk trading volumes from China to India and market concentration rate are on the increase because of the superiority of Chinese cocoon silk production over that of India. Owing to scattered market share and export that mainly focused on raw materials product, there has been a phenomenon of price reduction and quantity increase. India carries out fierce competition with China in the international market and even imposes antidumping sanction on Chinese silk, which are key factors restricting further increase between China–India trade. Based on the abovementioned facts, the authors aim to put forward suggestions for steadily developing the production and trade of China’s silk.     

State all-driver distracted driving laws and high school students' texting while driving behavior

Objective: Texting while driving is highly prevalent among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Texting while driving can significantly increase the risk of road crashes and is associated with other risky driving behaviors. Most states have enacted distracted driving laws to prohibit texting while driving. This study examines effects of different all-driver distracted driving laws on texting while driving among high school students.

Methods: High school student data were extracted from the 2013 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Distracted driving law information was collected from the National Conference of State Legislatures. The final sample included 6,168 high school students above the restricted driving age in their states and with access to a vehicle. Logistic regression was applied to estimate odds ratios of laws on texting while driving.

Results: All-driver text messaging bans with primary enforcement were associated with a significant reduction in odds of texting while driving among high school students (odds ratio = 0.703; 95% confidence interval, 0.513–0.964), whereas all-driver phone use bans with primary enforcement did not have a significant association with texting while driving (odds ratio = 0.846; 95% confidence interval, 0.501–1.429).

Conclusions: The findings indicate that all-driver distracted driving laws that specifically target texting while driving as opposed to all types of phone use are effective in reducing the behavior among high school students.     

纳米TiO_2/聚糠醛复合材料NTP的制备及其光催化活性

以糠醛和纳米TiO2为前驱物制备了TiO2/共轭高分子复合材料NTP,并通过TEM、XRD和UV-Vis等技术对其进行了表征。结果表明,NTP为具有活性基团和不同长度共轭链的高分子,其中聚糠醛与TiO2以Ti-O-C相键合;该复合材料对光的吸收拓宽至整个紫外-可见光区。在自然光照射及空气氧存在的温和条件下,前驱物(mg(TiO2):ml(Furfural)=1:80)经350℃热处理30 mins制得的TiO2/P复合材料于1 min内可将所给定染料废水彻底降解褪色。     

Degradation of tris(1-chloro-2-propanyl) phosphate by the synergistic effect of persulfate and zero-valent iron during a mechanochemical process

This study revealed a dual pathway for the degradation of tris(1-chloro-2-propanyl) phosphate (TCPP) by zero-valent iron (ZVI) and persulfate as co-milling agents in a mechanochemical (MC) process. Persulfate was activated with ZVI to degrade TCPP in a planetary ball mill. After milling for 2 h, 96.5% of the TCPP was degraded with the release of 63.16, 50.39, and 42.01% of the Cl^?, SO₄^2?, and PO₄^3?, respectively. In the first degradation pathway, persulfate was activated with ZVI to produce hydroxyl (·OH) radicals, and ZVI is oxidized to Fe(II) and Fe(III). A substitution reaction occurred as a result of the attack of ·OH on the P–O–C bonds, leading to the successive breakage of the three P–O–C bonds in TCPP to produce PO₄^3?. In the second pathway, a C–Cl bond in part of the TCPP molecule was oxidized by SO₄·^? to carbonyl and carboxyl groups. The P–O–C bonds continued to react with ·OH to produce PO₄^3?. Finally, the intermediate organochloride products were further reductively dechlorinated by ZVI. However, the synergistic effect of the oxidation (·OH and SO₄·^?) and the reduction reaction (ZVI) did not completely degrade TCPP to CO₂, resulting in a low mineralization rate (35.87%). Moreover, the intermediate products still showed the toxicities in LD₅₀ and developmental toxicant. In addition, the method was applied for the degradation of TCPP in soil, and high degradations (>?83.83%) were achieved in different types of soils.

     

生物活性滤池中微生物的生长研究

研究了活性炭一石英砂双层滤料生物活性滤池的挂膜过程。结果表明，在生物活性滤池中，微生物的生长速度是不同的：异养细菌生长速度最快，亚硝化细菌次之，硝化细菌最慢，整个挂膜过程历时3个月。在生物活性滤池内，异养细菌、亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌等三大微生物类群之间无明显的竞争关系，在后两者之间表现为互生关系；而在各个类群内部成员之间则表现为对基质的竞争关系。     

地表水中高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量和化学需氧量的相关性分析研究

通过地表水点位中高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量和化学需氧量的监测数据,分析了高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量和化学需氧量之间的相关关系,得出了三者之间的比例关系和季节性相关关系,总结了三者之间的规律性.结果表明:地表水中高锰酸盐指数与化学需氧量的比例系数为0.236,生化需氧量与化学需氧量的比例系数为0.219.地表水中高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量相关性较好.冬季高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量的相关关系最好,秋季生化需氧量与化学需氧量的相关关系较好.     

淄博2021年元宵节PM2.5水溶性离子污染特征

基于在线离子数据,对淄博2021年元宵节一次PM_2.5污染过程进行成因分析,分析了水溶性离子组分污染特征,探讨了二次无机离子（SNA）的形成机制,并对比分析了污染前后颗粒物液态水含量（LWC）及pH值的变化特征.结果表明,元宵节前污染期间（T1）和元宵节夜间污染期间（T2）,ρ（WSIIs）分别为46.83μg·m^-3和71.18μg·m^-3,分别是清洁时段的2.3倍和3.6倍.其中,T1时段SNA的增长倍数（2.7倍）大于PM_2.5的增长倍数（2.1倍）,可见SNA浓度增加是引起T1时段PM_2.5浓度上升的主因;而T2时段Cl^-、 K⁺和Mg²⁺浓度增加显著,分别是清洁时段的4.0、 14.8和16.5倍,反映出烟花爆竹燃放对T2时段PM_2.5浓度快速增长的影响.污染期间LWC为49.37μg·m^-3,是清洁期的2.9倍;T1时段LWC主要受RH和NH⁺     

重金属污染土壤电动力学修复技术

电动力学修复技术是把电极插入受污染的土壤并通入直流电 ,发生土壤孔隙水和带电离子的迁移。土壤中的污染物质在外加电扬作用下发生定向移动并在电极附近累积 ,抽出处理从而被除去。新兴的电动力学原位修复技术去除土壤重金属污染正越来越多地被各国研究人员接受。一系列实验规模的研究和技术已日渐成熟 ,其中Lasagna技术和Electro klean技术已在美国肯塔基州和路易斯安那州等地进行了原位修复     

不同底质和透明度下马来眼子菜的表型可塑性研究

马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianusMiq.)是目前太湖沉水植物优势种之一。文章比较分析了3种不同底质和透明度情况下马来眼子菜的生长特征,探索其在太湖不断扩展的原因及其适应性。分别选取粘土质粉砂、粉砂和下蜀黄土底质上生长的马来眼子菜进行观察试验。结果表明,这3种底质在粒度组成、营养盐和分布特征上具有显著差异。在太湖粘土质粉砂和粉砂底质上马来眼子菜的生物量比下蜀黄土底质上的马来眼子菜高,其生物量随着底质营养盐的增加而增加。马来眼子菜与觅光相关的形态指标,如高度、节间距、节数、叶数、叶长及叶面积均随着底质营养盐的增加而显著增加。马来眼子菜的冠层高度与水体的透明度呈显著负相关,表明其对剧烈变化的湖泊光环境具有很强的适应能力。马来眼子菜在不同底质上的形态可塑性是其优先占据湖泊资源成为优势种的重要原因。