用柠檬酸废渣生产蒸压加气砼砌块

本文介绍了用柠檬酸废渣代替天然石膏生产蒸压加气砼砌块，从而解决了长期以来柠檬酸生产厂家因排放柠檬酸废渣所造成的环境污染问题，开创了柠檬酸废渣直接运用的新途径。环境效益和经济效益都较明显。     

化学修饰电极在环境微量及痕量有机物分析中的应用

根据实验研究及国内外文献,从伏安及电位溶出分析,流动注射/液相色谱电化学检测,化学修饰电极生物传感器及化学修饰电极预富集—石墨炉原子吸收法联用等方面,重点综述了化学修饰电极在环境微量及痕量有机物分析中的应用。     

黄腐酸与镰刀菌代谢产物的ESR谱性质的研究

以ESR谱仪为主要工具,配合大骨节病病因研究,进行了有关地区饮水中有机物,主要是腐殖酸的黄腐酸级分和粮食真菌——镰刀菌代谢产物性质的相似性比较研究.结果发现,病区粮食中自由基浓度高于非病区,而尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium Oxysporum)浸染使玉米粉的自由基浓度增加.在氧化、还原、加热和改变酸碱度等处理过程中,菌粮自由基的ESR谱表现出和黄腐酸同样的变化规律.菌粮水提液经GDX-102树脂吸附后,其ESR谱和pH值的关系表明,镰刀菌代谢产物中的自由基集中于带有酸性基团的分子上.水提液的紫外及荧光光谱和黄腐酸具有一定的相似性,因而推论镰刀苗代谢产物的自由基与黄腐酸一样,都是半醌自由基.最后就这类自由基和大骨节病的关系进行了讨论.     

酸雨损害农作物的对策研究——喷水消除酸雨对农作物的损害

经模拟酸雨处理植物的试验表明,酸雨对植物叶片的直接损害是由于酸雨水滴滞留在叶面引起的。若在雨后2h内喷水(pH7.0±0.2)以驱除滞留在叶面的水滴,叶片则无受害症状,叶绿素含量、生物产量和经济产量所受的影响也将减轻甚至完全不受影响。     

施灰田土壤及所产蔬菜铀、钍和钾、钼、镁、锌含量变化及影响评价

U和Th是放射性元素,K、Fe、Mo、Mg和Zn是植物生长需要的必要营养元素。粉煤灰中U、Th、Fe和Mo的含量略高于空白土壤中Fe和Mo的含量,K、Mg和Zn的含量低于空白土壤中K、Mg和Zn的含量。掺施粉煤灰并没有引起施灰土壤及所产蔬菜中各元素含量的明显变化。与国家土壤环境质量标准及食品、卫生标准的限值相比,施灰土壤及所产蔬菜的U、Th、K、Fe、Mo、Mg和Zn的含量均在正常范围内波动。     

《立体构成》课程建设中教学方法的改革与实践

本文通过对《立体构成》课程教学对象的分析，探讨了该课程在理论与实践教学环节教学方法的改进。实践证明，这些改进对于充分发掘学生潜力，激发学生的求知欲望，提高教师业务水平，促进《立体构成》课程教学改革具有重要意义。     

Indirect effect of nutrient accumulation intensified toxicity risk of metals in sediments from urban river network

The levels of metals in sediments of urban river ecosystems are crucial for aquatic environmental health and pollution assessment. Yet little is known about the interaction of nutrients with metals for environmental risks under contamination accumulation. Here, we combined hierarchical cluster, correlation, and principal component analysis with structural equation model (SEM) to investigate the pollution level, source, toxicity risk, and interaction associated with metals and nutrients in the sediments of a river network in a city area of East China. The results showed that the pollution associated with metals in sediments was rated as moderate degree of contamination load and medium-high toxicity risk in the middle and downstream of urban rivers based on contamination factor, pollution load index, and environmental toxicity quotient. The concentration of mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn) showed a significant correlation with toxic risks, which had more contribution to toxicity than other metals in the study area. Organic nitrogen and organic pollution index showed heavily polluted sediments in south of the study area. Though correlation analysis indicated that nutrients and metals had different input zones from anthropogenic sources in the urban river network, SEM suggested that nutrient accumulation indirectly intensified toxicity risk of metals by 13.6% in sediments. Therefore, we suggested the combined consideration of metal toxicity risk with nutrient accumulation, which may provide a comprehensive understanding to identify sediment pollution.

Toxicity rate of metals in sediments from urban river network indirectly intensified by nutrients accumulation

     

厌氧折流板反应器处理玉米秆纤维浆粕废水的研究

采用厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)处理玉米秆纤维浆粕废水 ,研究了工艺条件和工艺特征。试验结果表明 ,在HRT为 2 4h ,OLR为 6 .5 6kgCOD/m3 ·d条件下 ,ABR能有效处理浓度为 6 5 6 0mgCOD/L的玉米秆纤维浆粕废水 ,COD去除率为 75 .1% ;ABR对负荷冲击有良好的适应性 ,且具有推流式和两相式反应器的双重特点。     

Photocatalytic reactions of pyrene at TiO2/water interfaces

The photocatalytic oxidation of pyrene preadsorbed on TiO2 is examined in aqueous suspension under UV irradiation. Chemical oxygen demand measurements, UV-VIS spectrophotometer, infrared spectrometer and GC-MS analytical techniques were used to monitor the formed intermediates. During the oxidation processes, the ring-open reaction, hydroxylation and ketolysis occurred to produce some intermediate products (4-oxapyrene-5-one, 1,6- or 1,8-pyrenediones, 4,5-phenanthrenedialdehyde, cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene). Some factors affecting the photodegradation rate were also studied. The results were different from other studies: The pH of the dispersion, ratio of Py/TiO2:water had little effect on the photooxidation rate of pyrene catalyzed by TiO2, while the surface coverage, addition of Fe3+ affected it greatly.     

Study on the kinetics of cerium(III) adsorption-desorption on different soils of China

The kinetics of Ce(III) adsorption-desorption on four typical soils in China has been studied by using the batch method with the radioactive nuclide 141Ce. Results indicated that Ce(III) adsorption was rapid and nearly finished in less than 0.5 min. Desorption procedure was about completed in 1-30 min in the tested soils. Ce(III) desorption equilibrium times vary with different soils. The amounts of Ce(III) desorption on different soils in the same time were different. The Elovich equation proved to be the best models for fitting the data of Ce(III) desorption reactions in fluvo-aquic soil and black soil; and the parabolic-diffusion equation was the best model in red earth and loess soil.