微机上冲裁CAD系统的开发

此文介绍了一套在微机上开发的冲裁CAD系统。它以Foxbase作为数据库管理系统,Trubo C为编程语言,能进行冲裁件图形输入与显示、工艺性分析、优化单排排样和选择板材规格、冲裁件尺寸识别和模具刃口尺寸计算、冲裁力和压力中心计算、以及凹模周界尺寸计算等。本系统主界面为下拉式菜单界面,全中文提示,人机界面友好,具有较好的可扩充性和容错性。     

Electrochemical study of sulfide solution in the presence of surfactants

Voltammetric curve studies on aqueous Na2S solution in the presence of three types of surfactants are presented. Presence of anodic surfactant (HTAB) in creases anode current density and makes the corresponding anode peak potential shift to more negative. Potentials of the reduction of elemental sulfur to intermediates Sx2-shift to more negative with the increasing of HTAB concentrations. In the presence of HTAB, the anode current density at 77oC increases more than at 34oC. The electrolysis indicates that anodic product sulfur loosely adhered to the graphite electrode surface when HTAB is added to the anolyte. The total efficiency of producing sulfur is high after several times of cycle electrolysis.The results show that anode passivation is minimized in the presence of HTAB. The depassivation effect of HTAB is discussed.     

城市大气污染物浓度预测模糊识别理论与模型

根据大气污染物的浓度具有模糊性且与多种指标相关的特点，提出对其进行预测的模糊识别理论与模型，并以二氧化硫为例，由２５个预测点大气中ＳＯ２浓度和相关指标的实测资料，利用上述理论与模型得出最优模糊预测参数，并对其它５个观测点的ＳＯ２浓度进行了预测检验。     

沉淀物和生物中U,Th和226Ra的联合测定

用放射化学法对U,Th,~(226)Ra等核素进行联合测定,国外已有不少报道,只是所用的分离方法和所测的介质不同而已。我国学者也做过一些这方面的工作。本工作建立了用三正辛胺-二甲苯萃取分离法对沉积物和生物样中U,Th和~(226)Ra的联合测定方法。 二、主要仪器与试剂     

煤矿含悬浮物矿井水净化处理技术探讨

论述了含悬浮物矿井水净化处理利用的必要性，矿井水水质，水量和处理要求，现有的处理工艺，混凝剂及混合方式，主要处理构筑物和消毒方式等。指出了在确定处理规模，处理工艺，设计参数，药剂选择和投加过程中存在的问题，并给出了解决上述问题的方法。     

The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

葫芦岛市可持续发展能力评价

为实现葫芦岛市社会、经济和环境的可持续发展，将可持续发展变成现实的可操作的管理模式．运用层次分析方法对葫芦岛可持续发展能力进行研究，评价葫芦岛市现有可持续发展水平，分析影响可持续发展的原因并提出相应的解决方法。     

医疗废物非焚烧处理技术应用及发展趋势探讨

本文结合美国、欧洲等发达国家和地区在医疗废物非焚烧处置技术方面的具体做法，在对国内外主要的医疗废物非焚烧处理技术进行介绍和分析的基础上，结合国外非焚烧处理技术的应用背景及中国实施危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划，对非焚烧处理技术在中国的应用从技术及管理角度提出了相应的建议。     

Simulating dairy liquid waste management options as a nitrogen source for crops

Large scale dairy operations are common. In many cases the manure is deposited on a paved surface and then removed with a flushing system, after which the solids are separated, the liquid stored in ponds, and eventually the liquid applied on adjacent crop land. Management of liquid manure to maximize the fertilizer value and minimize water quality degradation requires knowledge of the interactive effects of mineralization of organic N (ON) to NH₄⁺, crop uptake of mineral N, and leaching of NO₃⁻ on a temporal basis. The purpose of the research was to use the ENVIRO-GRO model to simulate how the amount of applied N, timing of N application, ON mineralization rates, chemical form of N applied, and irrigation uniformity affected (1) yields of corn (Zea mays) in summer and a forage grass in winter in a Mediterranean climate and (2) the amount of NO₃⁻ leached below the root zone. This management practice is typical for dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The simulations were conducted for a 10-year period. Steady state conditions, whereby an equivalent amount of N applied in the organic form will be mineralized in a given year, are achieved more rapidly for materials with high mineralization rates. Both timing and total quantity of N application are important in affecting crop yield and potential N leaching. Major conclusions from the simulations are as follows. Frequent low applications are preferred to less frequent higher applications. Increasing the amount of N application increased both the crop yield and the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. Increasing irrigation uniformity increased crop yields but had variable effects on the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. A winter forage crop following a summer corn crop effectively reduced the leaching of residual soil N following the corn crop.     

从国际环境法的视角看跨国界污染的国家责任

高速发展的科学技术以及高新技术的应用。使人类对自然环境的利用程度不断深化。领域不断拓展，同时。也使得全球环境问题日益凸显，尤其是跨国界污染造成的环境损害问题更为突出，这类事件不仅日益增多，而且对全球环境造成的危害相当严重。例如，1978年苏联“宇宙954号”核动力卫星坠入加拿大事件。1986年切尔诺贝利核电站泄露事件，1986年莱茵河污染事件等。这些事件引起了国际社会的极大关注，而且均涉及到了国际法领域的国家责任问题。