浅谈清洁生产在山东焦化行业中的应用

阐述了在焦化行业开展清洁生产的必要性,结合焦化企业开展清洁生产的实例,从废物最小化和资源化等方面概述了清洁生产技术在焦化行业中的应用;并以山东焦化企业为例论述如何做好清洁生产工作。     

土壤优先流的理论研究和试验分析

在活动流场模型的基础上建立了新的溶质运移控制方程,研究了流场分形特征参数的计算方法;采用4组染色示踪试验资料,分析了活动流场模型模拟土壤水流运动和溶质运移宏观非均匀特征的适用性.模拟分析表明,活动流场模型能较准确地捕捉到土壤中的优先流特别是不稳定流的宏观运动特征;土壤存在大孔隙结构的情况下,水流和溶质将更快的迁移到深层土壤,活动流场模型模拟计算的入渗深度偏小,但大于连续性模型的模拟计算结果;当土壤中的大孔隙结构较少时,活动流场模型模拟预测的土壤含水率分布和溶质浓度分布与实测结果比较一致.     

Relation of lead adsorption on birnessites with different average oxidation states of manganese and release of Mn^2＋/H^＋/K^＋

The characteristics of Pb2+ adsorption on the surface of birnessites with different average oxidation states (AOS) of Mn, synthesized under acidic and alkali conditions, were investigated. The results indicated that the amount of adsorbed Pb2+ increased with the increase of Mn AOS in birnessites. The amount of Pb2+ adsorbed positively correlated with the amount of released Mn2+, H+, and K+ (r = 0.9962 > 0.6614, n = 14, α = 0.01). The released Mn2+, H+, and K+ were derived mostly from the corresponding catio...     

成都经济区土壤中HCH和DDT含量及其分布特点

通过对成都经济区土壤中HCH各异构体、DDT及其衍生物的含量及分布特点研究,得出成都经济区土壤中HCH和DDT都有较高的检出率,含量变化幅度也很大,含量较高点主要分布在化工厂附近。对比其他地区研究结果,成都经济区HCH含量较低,DDT含量较高。以西藏地区作为背景值,HCH有一定的污染,DDT污染较为严重。     

Global sensitivity analysis of a process-based model for ammonia emissions from manure storage and treatment structures

The development of process-based models to estimate ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations (AFOSs) is sought to replace costly and time-consuming direct measurements. Critical to process-based model development is conducting sensitivity analysis to determine the input parameters and their interactions that contribute most to the variance of the model output. Global and relative sensitivity analyses were applied to a process-based model for predicting ammonia emissions from the surface of anaerobic lagoons for treating and storing manure. The objectives were to compare global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to relative (local) sensitivity analysis (RSA) on a process-based model for ammonia emissions. Based on the first-order coefficient, both GSA and RSA showed the model input parameters in order of importance in process model for ammonia emissions from lagoon surfaces were: (i) pH, (ii) lagoon liquid temperature, (iii) wind speed above the lagoon surface, and (iv) the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen in the lagoon. The GSA revealed that interactions between model parameters accounted for over two-thirds of the model variance, a result that cannot be achieved using traditional RSA. Also, the GSA showed that parameter interactions involving liquid pH had more impact on the model output variance than the single parameters: (i) temperature, (ii) wind speed, or (iii) total ammoniacal nitrogen. This study demonstrates that GSA provides a more complete analysis of model input parameters and their interactions on the model output compared to RSA. A comprehensive tutorial regarding the application of GSA to a process model is presented.     

隔震:保证建筑物地震安全的最佳选择

<正>几十年地震预报实践说明,地震预报尚未成熟,远未达到实用化,目前仍属于摸索探索阶段。有些地震虽然说可能作预测预报,但即使预报了,对一个大城市而言也不会轻易疏散、停工停产,而且地震发生了城市的物质文明建设照样会遭到严重破坏。换个方式去思维去实践,即把城乡建筑的抗震性能提高了,尤其是住宅建筑和重     

最棘手的工业废弃物

<正>工业废弃物危害人间2010年10月4日下午,匈牙利西部维斯普雷姆州一家铝厂的有毒废水池发生决堤事故。大约70万立方米有毒废水流入附近的3个村镇,造成7人死亡,120人受伤。同时,给附近村镇和毛尔曹尔河的生态环境带来了致命的打击,并威胁到多瑙河干流的水质安全。这种废水是提炼铝矿的产物,是有待处理的工业废弃物,即我们常说的工业垃圾。由于有毒而不能随便排放,只能以废水池留存待处理。日积月累,废水池中的有     

化学还原法回收含银电镀废液中的银

以Na2S2O4为还原剂,采用化学还原法回收某电镀厂含银电镀废液中的银。实验结果表明,在n(Na2S2O4)∶n(Ag+)=2.5、反应温度35℃、废水pH7.5、搅拌速率300r/min的条件下,Ag+回收率达到99.92%。对回收的银粉进行X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析,分析结果表明回收的银粉纯度较高,成球形。     

废纸苯酚液化物合成热固型酚醛树脂

为了提高废纸的附加值,利用废纸苯酚液化物与甲醛在碱性环境中反应,进行热固型酚醛树脂合成实验。通过正交实验确定最优化的树脂化合成工艺为:n(甲醛)∶n(废纸液化物)=2.1,n(氢氧化钠)∶n(废纸液化物)=0.5,合成温度74℃,合成时间3.0h。在此工艺条件下制备的酚醛树脂压制的胶合板达到GB/T9846—2004《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》中Ⅰ类胶合板的强度要求。     

疏水改性阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

通过水溶液共聚合法,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)和2-乙烯基吡啶(2-VP)为共聚单体合成了疏水改性阳离子聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-DAC-2VP),并用红外光谱仪和核磁共振光谱仪对其结构进行了表征。实验结果表明:当w(2-VP)为1.0%、w(DAC)为30%、活性污泥pH为5、P(AM-DAC-2VP)加入量为25mg/L时,P(AM-DAC-2VP)对本实验的活性污泥絮凝能力最强,上清液透光率为92.1%;P(AM-DAC-2VP)比同条件下制备的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-DAC)具有更好的絮凝效果。