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941.
942.
中国建设用地扩张的变化路径识别 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在耕地库兹涅兹曲线理论研究的基础上,本文提出了建设用地库兹涅兹曲线假说,并选用1999-2008年期间30个省级区域的面板数据,实证研究了我国建设用地库兹涅兹曲线的存在性。研究结果表明:在全国范围内,建设用地扩张与经济发展之间存在着单调递增的关系,本文所构想的建设用地库兹涅兹曲线假说没有能够得到我国经验数据的支持;无论是否将相关变量纳入到回归模型之中,东部地区和中部地区目前都处于建设用地持续扩张的阶段,这将为经济发展和农用地(特别是耕地)保护的权衡带来两难选择,而西部地区具体情况的识别则有待后续的深入研究;耕地资源禀赋、土地财政、土地违法及土地市场发育等相关变量对建设用地扩张发挥着不同程度和不同作用方向的影响。根据以上研究结论,本文认为我国急需改变现阶段严重依赖自然资源投入,特别是土地要素投入的粗放型经济增长方式,以缓和"吃饭"与"建设"之间的尖锐矛盾。 相似文献
943.
944.
G2京津塘高速公路万辆车流的交通事故灾害与气象综合指数的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过整理G2京津塘高速公路3年(2007年3月至2010年2月)逐日逐时万辆车流的交通事故灾害和交通流量及气象要素资料,并将万辆车流的交通事故灾害(交通事故灾害与交通流量之商)与同步气象综合指数进行日变化相关分析;结果表明:平均万辆车流的交通事故灾害的日变化最高峰出现在05时,年平均高峰值高达2.34起·辆-1·10-4;年度、春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的平均万辆车流的交通事故灾害与同步气象综合指数均呈正抛物线的偏右侧相关,即万辆车流的交通事故灾害随气象综合指数的加大而增多;统计学检验(R>Rα=0.01和F>Fa=0.01)效果很好.四个季节的万辆车流的交通事故灾害与气象综合指数相关的系数高达0.7781~0.8537.为了更好地将自动气象监测信息服务于高速公路交通安全,在分析成果的基础上设计出了高速公路万辆车流的交通事故灾害的气象综合指数风险等级指标,以期为高速公路交通安全提供客观的科学依据. 相似文献
945.
按照协同试验要求,对4个煤粉试样(半焦)和3个秸秆试样进行了试验,根据碳、 氢、氮测定数据,从平均偏差、极差、标准偏差、允许差法、置信率几方面对试验结果进行了验证。结果表明:试验的精密度和结果的准确度符合要求,可为“DL/T 568 燃料元素的快速分析方法”标准修订的精密度范围提供依据。 相似文献
946.
Chuen-Jinn Tsai Chia-Hung Lin Yu-Min Wang Cheng-Hsiung Hunag Shou-Nan Li Zong-Xue Wu 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):319-332
Abstract An efficient venturi scrubber system making use of heterogeneous nucleation and condensational growth of particles was designed and tested to remove fine particles from the exhaust of a local scrubber where residual SiH4 gas was abated and lots of fine SiO2 particles were generated. In front of the venturi scrubber, normal-temperature fine-water mist mixes with high-temperature exhaust gas to cool it to the saturation temperature, allowing submicron particles to grow into micron sizes. The grown particles are then scrubbed efficiently in the venturi scrubber. Test results show that the present venturi scrubber system is effective for removing submicron particles. For SiO2 particles greater than 0.1 μm, the removal efficiency is greater than 80–90%, depending on particle concentration. The corresponding pressure drop is relatively low. For example, the pressure drop of the venturi scrubber is ~15.4 ± 2.4 cm H2O when the liquid-to-gas ratio is 1.50 L/m3. A theoretical calculation has been conducted to simulate particle growth process and the removal efficiency of the venturi scrubber. The theoretical results agree with the experimental data reasonably well when SiO2 particle diameter is greater than 0.1 μm. 相似文献
947.
Viney P. Aneja Candis S. Claiborn Zheng Li Anuradha Murthy 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):217-220
Abstract This paper presents a comparative study of the biodegradation of three aromatic volatile compounds in a compost-based biofilter: toluene, xylene, and 1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene, used in the course of this work for the first time in the field of biofiltration. Hence, three identical biofiltration units have been operated at the laboratory scale. During the experiments, nitrogen (as urea) was supplied at various concentrations to each reactor, via irrigated nutrient solutions. A comparative analysis of the results showed that the biodegradability scale followed the degree of substitution around the aromatic ring: toluene > xylene > trimethylbenzene, with 95, 80, and 70% maximum conversions, respectively. In addition, and despite the different removal levels achieved in the three biore-actors, it was established that from a reaction viewpoint, the degradation of the three compounds seemed to follow similar metabolic pathways involving methylcatechol isomers. Finally, by varying the nitrogen input concentrations in the three reactors, three degradation regimes have been highlighted: an N-limitation regime and an N-optimum regime, common to the three solvents, and an N-excess regime, favorable to the colonization of the filter beds by nitrifying species, which particularly affected the xylene and trimethylbenzene biodegradation. 相似文献
948.
Dennis Y.C. Leung Frankie S.K. Li 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1224-1225
The effects of removing moisture from gaseous samples on the measurement of pollutant concentration were studied. Simple mathematical analysis was conducted to derive the formula for correcting the measured results. It was found that the error increases with increase in relative humidity or increase in temperature. The error may become significant under extreme conditions. 相似文献
949.
Properties of Pyrolytic Chars and Activated Carbons Derived from Pilot-Scale Pyrolysis of Used Tires
S.-Q. Li Q. Yao S.-E. Wen Y. Chi J.-H. Yan 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1315-1326
Abstract Used tires were pyrolyzed in a pilot-scale quasi-inert rotary kiln. Influences of variables, such as time, temperature, and agent flow, on the activation of obtained char were subsequently investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed. Meso-porous pores are found to be dominant in the pore structures of raw char. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surfaces of activated chars increased linearly with carbon burnoff. The carbon burnoff of tire char achieved by carbon dioxide (CO2) under otherwise identical conditions was on average 75% of that achieved by steam, but their BET surfaces are almost the same. The proper activation greatly improved the aqueous adsorption of raw char, especially for small molecular adsorbates, for example, phenol from 6 to 51 mg/g. With increasing burnoff, phenol adsorption exhibited a first-stage linear increase followed by a rapid drop after 30% burnoff. Similarly, iodine adsorption first increased linearly, but it held as the burnoff exceeded 40%, which implied that the reduction of iodine adsorption due to decreasing micro-pores was partially made up by increasing mesopores. Both raw chars and activated chars showed appreciable adsorption capacity of methylene-blue comparable with that of commercial carbons. Thus, tire-derived activated carbons can be used as an excellent mesoporous adsorbent for larger molecular species. 相似文献
950.
H. Christopher Frey Song Li 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1436-1447
Abstract Quantitative methods for characterizing variability and uncertainty were applied to case studies of oxides of nitrogen and total organic carbon emission factors for lean-burn natural gas-fueled internal combustion engines. Parametric probability distributions were fit to represent inter-engine variability in specific emission factors. Bootstrap simulation was used to quantify uncertainty in the fitted cumulative distribution function and in the mean emission factor. Some methodological challenges were encountered in analyzing the data. For example, in one instance, five data points were available, with each data point representing a different market share. Therefore, an approach was developed in which parametric distributions were fitted to population-weighted data. The uncertainty in mean emission factors ranges from as little as ~±10% to as much as -90 to 21+180%. The wide range of uncertainty in some emission factors emphasizes the importance of recognizing and accounting for uncertainty in emissions estimates. The skewness in some uncertainty estimates illustrates the importance of using numerical simulation approaches that do not impose restrictive symmetry assumptions on the confidence interval for the mean. In this paper, the quantitative method, the analysis results, and key findings are presented. 相似文献