排污权交易是控制环境问题的一种有效途径

排污权交易是解决环境外部不经济性的手段,与传统的控制环境问题手段相比,它具有在确保环境质量目标的前提下,以控制环境污染成本最小化实现资源最优配置的优点,符合我国国情,是我国控制环境问题的有效途径。     

威海市区黑松林群落的物种多样性特征

用3个丰富度指数、2个多样性指数和3个均匀度指数对威海市区11个黑松林群落多样性进行研究,并用相关分析研究了这些指数间的关系,结果表明:(1)黑松混交林群落的丰富度和多样性均高于黑松纯林群落,但均匀度却无此规律;(2)生境最优的黑松+刺槐+麻栎林(位于仙姑顶的样地11)在11个样地中的物种多样性表现最好,丰富度、多样性和均匀度都最大.而生境最差的位于火炬大厦的黑松纯林(样地2)群落的丰富度和多样性指数都最小;(3)除样地2外,其余样地群落的草本层丰富度和多样性都最大,灌木层次之,乔木层最小,均匀度无此规律;(4)3个丰富度指数之间、2个多样性指数之间以及两个Pielou均匀度指数之间存在极显著的相关性,但Alatalo均匀度指数和其它7个指数之间相关性都不显著,同时对8个物种多样性指数进行比较后发现丰富度指数中Patrick指数(S)最优,而多样性指数中Shannon-Wiener(H)最优,均匀度指数中以H为基础计算出的Pielou(JH)指数最优.     

黄淮海湿地系统典型挺水植物对水华藻类的化感效应

利用植物的化感作用可抑制有害藻类生长,控制水华发生,改善水质.文章在考察黄淮海湿地系统的基础上,选取典型挺水植物菖蒲(Acorus calamus)和香蒲(Typha latifolia),用0.1×Hoagland完全培养液进行种植,利用其种植水培养湿地典型水华藻类--铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz)和鱼腥藻(Anabeana Bory),研究菖蒲和香蒲的种植水对铜绿微囊藻和鱼腥藻生长的影响,评价挺水植物对水华藻类的化感效应.结果显示:菖蒲种植水对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用较强;而香蒲种植水对鱼腥藻的抑制作用较强,但是对铜绿微囊藻的生长却有促进作用.结果表明两种挺水植物的种植水都含有影响水华藻类生长的化感物质.进一步的研究表明,两种植物种植水对以上两种藻类生长的影响具有显著的体积比浓度效应.因此,保护和恢复湿地挺水植物群落对改善水环境具有重要作用,但利用挺水植物化感效应进行水体环境净化时,应按水体中有害藻类的类型合理选择植物种类.     

纳米生态建筑涂料光催化降解甲醛的研究

以掺加纳米TiO2制备的光催化建筑涂料为催化剂,研究了在紫外光照条件下对气态甲醛的催化降解,并探讨了纳米催化剂晶型、用量和吸附量对光催化降解甲醛的影响。实验结果表明,锐钛型纳米TiO2具有较高的光催化降解甲醛的活性,1h甲醛的降解率可达到70％左右,产物主要为二氧化碳和水;光催化降解甲醛受到涂膜上吸附量的较大影响;该涂料对甲醛的光催化降解反应表现出一级动力学速率规律,且具有良好的线性关系。     

A quantitative water resource planning and management model for an industrial park level

This paper introduces an integrated water management model at the industrial park level. It suggests four approaches to water management: first, direct water reuse among users; second, water reuse among users by blending with freshwater; third, water reuse between users and a wastewater treatment plant; and fourth, groundwater recharge by reclaimed wastewater or other feasible applications in order to optimize the overall water efficiency. The model results in a comprehensive management methodology for optimizing water resources within an industrial park, seeking potential water reuse among industries, and incorporating the size and cost of reclaimed wastewater delivery systems. A case study is employed to test the model’s feasibility. An economic analysis of the optimized water use network is also carried out, showing the potential water and cost savings.     

基于AHP和DEA模型的农业生态效率评价——以无锡市为例

农业面源污染已成为我国重要环境污染源之一,但由于农业面源污染具有分散、面广、周期长、随机性等特点,在评价上存在较大难度。根据生态效率理论,结合农业生产的特点,建立了综合考虑经济效益和环境影响的农业生态效率评价指标体系,并以江苏省无锡市为例,选取该市1998~2008年农业生产和面源污染相关数据,运用偏好锥的数据包络分析模型（DEA）对其农业生态效率进行了评价分析。结果显示：1998~2008年,无锡市农业生态效率呈现先下降后上升的趋势,近三年累计上升幅度达22%。表明近年来无锡市农业面源污染治理成效显著,农业可持续发展水平显著提高。提出的农业生态效率评价体系和方法为进一步推进农业面源污染治理工作提供了依据     

Advanced molecular-fingerprinting analysis of dissolved organic sulfur by electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry using optimal spray solvent

Molecular level characterization of dissolved organic sulfur(DOS) by electrospray ionizationFourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(ESI-FTICR MS) is necessary for further understanding of the role of DOS in the environment. Here, ESI spray solvent, a key parameter for ion production during ESI process, was investigated for its effect on the molecular characterization of DOS by ESI-FTICR MS. 100% MeOH as spray solvent was found for the first time to remarkably enhance the ioni...     

Chemical characteristics of road dust PM2.5 fraction in oasis cities at the margin of Tarim Basin

In order to understand the compositions characteristics of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm(PM_2.5) fraction in road dust(RD_2.5) of oasis cities on the edge of Tarim Basin,30 road dust(RD) samples were collected in Kashi,Cele,and Yutian in the spring,2018,and RD_2.5 was collected using the resuspension approach.Eight watersoluble ions,39 trace elements and 8 fractions of carbon-containing species in PM_2.5 were analyzed.Ca     

Perception of people for the risk of Tianwan nuclear power plant

A questionnaire survey of residents’ risk perceptions related to Taiwan nuclear power plant in China was carried out to explore the determining factors that affect individual risk perception. This study proposed to pursue a more comprehensive understanding of factors that affected individual risk perception to nuclear power plants. Covariance structure analysis was conducted using risk perceptions of nuclear power as dependent variable and including interest and knowledge levels of nuclear power, acceptability, benefit perception, trust in nuclear power operation, and trust in government as independent variables. The use of the hypothesis of Elaboration likelihood model (ELM) was also proposed. The results showed that persons with higher levels of interest and knowledge of nuclear power had their own perceptions of risk closely associated with acceptability and potential benefits of nuclear power. In contrast, persons with no interest in and knowledge of nuclear power would have risk perceptions related to their trust in nuclear operation and the government, which partially supported the ELM hypothesis. All these results indicated that the government in China plays an important role in rational risk perceptions, and well-designed communication of risks will help the public to be involved in risk management and improve people’s rational acceptance of risk.     

(N-[2-(2-氧-1-咪唑烷基)乙基]-N '-苯基脲(EDU)对环境臭氧胁迫下的水稻和小麦生长的影响

通过对作物定期喷施不同浓度(0、150、300和450 mg·L-1)的N-[2-(2-氧-1-咪唑烷基)乙基]-N'-苯基脲(ethy lenediurea,EDU)溶液,研究EDU对环境O3胁迫下水稻“粤晶丝苗2号”(Oryza sativa L.Yuejingsi 2)和小麦“北农9549”(Triticum a...