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301.
Stefano Goffredo Erik Caroselli Elettra Pignotti Guido Mattioli Francesco Zaccanti 《Marine Biology》2007,152(2):351-361
The correlation between two environmental factors (solar radiation and sea surface temperature), biometry, and population
density was assessed along a latitudinal gradient in the zooxanthellate coral Balanophyllia europaea and in the azooxanthellate coral Leptopsammia pruvoti. With increasing polyp size, the oral disc of B. europaea assumed an oval shape, while that of L. pruvoti retained a circular shape. In both species, biometric parameters varied more with temperature than with solar radiation.
In the zooxanthellate species, temperature explained a higher percentage of biometric parameter variance than in the azooxanthellate
species. While environmental factors did not co-vary with demographic characteristics in L. pruvoti, temperature was negatively related to the population density of B. europaea. It is hypothesized that the negative effect of temperature on biometry and population density of B. europaea depends on photosynthesis inhibition of symbiotic zooxanthellae at high temperatures, which would lower the calcification
rate and availability of energetic resources. 相似文献
302.
This study aimed to gain insight on patterns of spatial variability of seagrass epiphytes of both leaves and of rhizomes in
three different habitats, continental coasts, offshore banks and islands. Moreover, we tried to discriminate between habitat-dependant
variability and scale-dependant variability of Posidonia oceanica epiphytic assemblages. Results showed the absence of significant differences in the structure of assemblages of epiphytes
both on leaves and on rhizomes among continental coasts, offshore banks and islands, even if the patterns of spatial variability
changed among habitats. In fact, although a high variability at small scales appeared a constant pattern in epiphytic assemblages,
large-scale variability resulted higher in continental coasts and offshore banks than in islands. In conclusion, epiphytic
assemblages of Posidonia oceanica appear homogeneous among habitats, showing a similar structure and species composition in the same geographic area. On the
contrary, differences between meadows appeared linked to local differences in environmental factors that are more evident
in habitats influenced by human disturbance.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
303.
Scaling parameters for vented gas and dust explosions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Results of experiments or calculations for vented explosions are usually presented by expressing a term containing the peak (reduced) pressure as a function of a vent parameter. In gas explosions, the reactivity of the system has been typically characterized through an effective burning velocity, uf. In the case of dust explosions, a normalized peak rate of pressure rise, K(=V1/3(dp/dt)max), has been used instead. Depending on the chosen approach, comparisons between systems with the same “reactivity” take different meanings. In fact, correlation formulas resulting from these two approaches imply different scaling between important system parameters. In the case of a constant-uf system, and for sufficiently large vent areas, the reduced pressure, Δpr, is approximately proportional to the square of the peak unvented pressure, Δpm. On the other hand, correlations developed for constant-K systems imply proportionality of Δpr with Δpm raised to a power between −5/3 and −1, with the exact value depending on the assumptions made on the shape of the pressure profile. While the ultimate resolution of the details of the scaling may require recourse to experiments, this theoretical analysis offers a tool for the planning of such experiments and for the interpretation of their results. The paper provides a discussion of these scaling issues with the help of predictions from an isothermal model of vented explosions. 相似文献
304.
Tobias J. Legler Zhong Liu Ariadni Mavrou Kirstin Finning Ilona Hromadnikova Silvia Galbiati Cathy Meaney Maj A. Hultén Francesco Crea Martin L. Olsson Deborah G. Maddocks Dorothy Huang Sylvia Armstrong Fisher Markus Sprenger-Haussels Aicha Ait Soussan C. Ellen van der Schoot 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(9):824-829
Objective Cell free foetal DNA (cff DNA) extracted from maternal plasma is now recognized as a potential source for prenatal diagnosis but the methodology is currently not well standardized. To evaluate different manual and automated DNA extraction methods with a view to developing standards, an International Workshop was performed. Methods Three plasma pools from RhD-negative pregnant women, a DNA standard, real-time-PCR protocol, primers and probes for RHD were sent to 12 laboratories and also to one company (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). In pre-tests, pool 3 showed a low cff DNA concentration, pool 1 showed a higher concentration and pool 2 an intermediate concentration. Results The QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit, an in-house protocol using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, the CST genomic DNA purification kit, the Magna Pure LC, the MDx, the M48, the EZ1 and an in-house protocol using magnetic beads for manual and automated extraction were the methods that were able to reliably detect foetal RHD. The best results were obtained with the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit. The QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit showed very comparable results in laboratories that followed the manufacturer's protocol and started with ≥ 500 µL plasma. One participant using the QIAamp DNA Blood Midi Kit failed to detect reliably RHD in pool 3. Conclusions This workshop initiated a standardization process for extraction of cff DNA in maternal plasma. The highest yield was obtained by the QIAamp DSP Virus Kit, a result that will be evaluated in more detail in future studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
305.
The EMAS Regulation (Reg 761/01 EC) is EU scheme implemented by the European Commission since 1993 and it is for the implementation of an Environmental Management System (EMS) by any organization. The EMS was originally proposed by the European Commission and by the ISO as the frontrunner of a series of policy tools that enable companies to simultaneously pursue environmental objectives and competitive targets in a synergetic way.Based on the unique dataset of the EVER project, this paper investigates whether or not an EMS implemented within the EMAS Regulation has any effect on firm performance both from an environmental and a competitive point of view. Our econometric analysis shows the positive impact of a well-designed environmental management system on environmental performance and, as a consequence, on technical and organizational innovations. Effects on other competitive variables such as market performance, resource productivity and intangible assets are not strongly supported. 相似文献
306.
Andrew D. Irving David Balata Francesco Colosio Guillaume A. Ferrando Laura Airoldi 《Marine Biology》2009,156(6):1223-1231
Recruitment is essential for the maintenance of populations, but far more is typically known about the more easily-observed
adult stages than their smaller, often microscopic early life-history counterparts. This discrepancy can be particularly problematic
for populations of foundation species that create biogenic habitat for a multitude of other taxa, but are themselves prime
candidates for exploitation, fragmentation, and loss, and therefore become the focus of restoration efforts partly or fully
dependent on recruitment. The purpose of this study was to improve ecological understanding for early life-history stages
of the habitat-forming marine alga Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh (Fucales: Sargassaceae), member of a genus that has experienced considerable fragmentation and population
decline on European coasts. Using experimental manipulations of water temperature, light intensity, and sediment accumulation,
we observed that sediment virtually precluded recruitment of C. barbata, and greatly impacted the survival of recently settled germlings (up to ~83% mortality). Stronger intensities of light facilitated
the growth of germlings, including the capacity for ~50% of them to outgrow detrimental sediment and survive. Temperature
(10 vs. 16°C) had no effect on early recruitment, survival, or growth. This information helps to identify likely causes and
locations of recruitment failure, and by extension, the conditions needed (either naturally or through human intervention)
to facilitate recruitment and possible habitat restoration. Ultimately, this knowledge can increase our capacity to predict
population persistence and the likely success of restoration efforts. 相似文献
307.
Patrizia Jereb Rita Cannas Porzia Maiorano Giambattista Bello Fulvio Garibaldi Marco Mereu Francesco G. Ancona Giovanni Ammendolia Pietro Battaglia Önder Duysak Hendrik Jan T. Hoving Eugenia Lefkaditou Marek R. Lipinski Riccardo Melis Panagiota N. Peristeraki Sergio Ragonese Teresa Romeo Alp Salman Begonia M. Santos Alberto Villari Danila Cuccu 《Marine Biology》2016,163(9):192
308.
Francesco Paladini de Mendoza Simone Bonamano Giuseppe Stella Monica Giovacchini Dario Capizzi Fulvio Fraticelli Sergio Muratore Calogero Burgio Sergio Scanu Maximo A. Peviani Marco Marcelli 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2016,20(1):13-29
The present work proposes a siting process for the detection of a suitable site for wave energy exploitation. The choice of a suitable site is based on the good agreement between energy availability, environmental sustainability, and equipped facilities to exploit wave energy. The case study in the northern Latium coast is explicative because in this area there are several activities that affect marine ecosystems, and the introduction of renewable energies promote the reduction of anthropic pressures. The nearshore wave power is studied through the numerical wave model (CMS-Wave), and available wave buoys along the coast were used to compare numerical results. In correspondence with Civitavecchia harbour, the largest nearshore wave energy was found; the large depth in front of the breakwater allows to conserve a great part of offshore wave power, with an average dissipation rate of 10 % less than offshore, with mean annual available wave energy of 25.4 MWh/m and seasonal fluctuation of 5.4 MWh/m. This area appears to be an optimal site for nearshore and shoreline wave energy device tests and installations, for energy availability (intermediate level respect Mediterreanean Sea), low potential environmental impact, easier accessibility, and policy oriented towards a larger sustainability of harbour activities. 相似文献
309.
Violante FS Barbieri A Curti S Sanguinetti G Graziosi F Mattioli S 《Chemosphere》2006,64(10):1722-1729
We initiated the PETER (pedestrian environmental traffic pollutant exposure research) project to investigate pedestrians' exposure to traffic related atmospheric pollutants, based on data obtained with the collaboration of selected categories of pedestrian urban workers. We investigated relations between roadside personal exposure levels of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (including benzene) and particulate matter <10 microm (PM10) among traffic police (n = 126) and parking wardens (n = 50) working in downtown Bologna, Italy. Data were collected from workshifts throughout four 1-week periods in different seasons of 2000-2001. For benzene and PM10, comparisons were made with measurements by fixed monitoring stations, and influence of localized traffic intensity and meteorological parameters was examined. Roadside personal exposure to benzene correlated more strongly with other volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylenes and ethylbenzene) than with PM10. Benzene and PM10 personal exposure levels were higher than fixed monitoring station values (both p<0.0001). At multivariate analysis, benzene and PM10 data from fixed monitoring stations both correlated with meteorological variables, and were also influenced by localized traffic intensity. Plausibly because of the downtown canyon-like streets, weather conditions (during a period of drought) only marginally affected benzene personal exposure, and moderately affected PM10 personal exposure. These findings reinforce the concept that urban atmospheric pollution data from fixed air monitoring stations cannot automatically be taken as indications of roadside exposures. 相似文献
310.