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161.
Jesús Rives Ivan Fernandez-Rodriguez Joan Rieradevall Xavier Gabarrell 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(2-3):259-271
The wine industry has developed greatly over recent years, and it could be stated that what was once a traditional industry has become a very productive and technical sector. One aspect that has not been studied until now is the cork stopper, despite the fact that most wine bottles are sealed with this product, and practically all corks are produced in the Iberian Peninsula.This study presents the environmental analysis of the production of natural cork stoppers, using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The research was supported by data from four Catalan representative companies and all the stages involved in the production after the forest management have been taken into account. The purpose of this research was to provide reference data for the Catalan cork industrial sector (Northeast Spain), and also contribute to deciding which aspects of natural cork stopper production must be improved and further researched. Another objective of this research was to emphasise and demonstrate that LCA methodology could be an interesting tool for improving traditional industry, from a cleaner production perspective.Results could be used by other sector companies to analyse and compare themselves with in order to know if they could improve their production with the current available technology. Impact assessment results indicate that the manufacturing stage was the stage causing the greatest impact, but also an evaluation of the influence of the initial transport from the forest reveals that this stage could notably increase the impact when raw cork was moved from distant forests. 相似文献
162.
Tarisai Velempini Kriveshini Pillay Xavier Y.Mbian Omotayo A.Arotiba 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(5):280-296
Sulfur containing ion imprinted polymers(S-IIPs) were applied for the uptake of Hg(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution. Cysteamine which was used as the ligand for Hg(Ⅱ) complexation, was grafted along the epichlorohydrin crosslinked carboxylated carboxymethyl cellulose polymer chain through an amide reaction. The adsorption ability of S-IIPs towards Hg(Ⅱ)was investigated by kinetic and isotherm models, which, corresponding, showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order, fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 80 mg/g. Moreover, thermodynamic studies indicated an endothermic and spontaneous reaction with the tendency of an enhanced randomness at the surface of the S-IIPs with temperature increases. S-IIPs indicated a high degree of selectivity towards Hg(Ⅱ) in the presence of Cu~(2+), Zn~(2+), Co~(2+), Pb~(2+)and Cd~(2+).Furthermore, the efficiency of S-IIPs was also evaluated against real samples showing86.78%, 91.88%, and 99.10% recovery for Hg(Ⅱ) wastewater, ground water and tap water,respectively. In this study, the adsorbent was successfully regenerated for five cycles, which allows for their reuse without significant loss of initial adsorption capability. 相似文献
163.
Leonardo?Alberto?Rios?OsorioEmail author Manuel?Ortiz?Lobato Xavier?álvarez?Del?Castillo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2005,7(4):501-518
The paper analyzes the concept of sustainable development in the light of the different interpretations existing on the issue
since its appearance and establishment as an ideal to lead humanity’s line of progress. Within these interpretations, a characteristic
generation of diverse debates can be appreciated, arising from different perspectives, academic as well as ideological, aiming
at describing, clarifying and determining their conceptual reach.
Based on these facts a model of categorization for these debates has developed, a model in which interpretations generated
on the concept of sustainable development were catalogued into four realms: conceptual, contextual, academic and geopolitical.
The configuration of these four areas of debate, as well as the recognition of the diversity of interpretations existing on
sustainable development, is a reflection of the intrinsic complexity of the phenomena, which affect the natural and social
world, both at the local and global level. The analysis of this complexity is based on the subjectivity, which is inherent
to the interpretation of these phenomena, with permanent reference to the cultural context from which the diverse discourses
were structured.
This global perspective on the state-of-the-art controversy concerning the idea of sustainable development as an articulatory
axis reveals the necessity of building epistemological models, which can give a new direction to scientific research. From
these new models, based on the analysis of the holistic character of reality, the subjective and the objective must be integrated
in the generation of knowledge, which contributes usefully to the unceasing reconstruction of our world-(view).
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
164.
165.
Sandra?BrucetEmail author Dani?Boix Rocìo?López-Flores Anna?Badosa Xavier?D.?Quintana 《Marine Biology》2005,148(1):131-139
Changes in amino acid composition (AAC) during ontogeny of some planktonic crustacean species commonly found in fresh and brackish coastal waters were compared. For these comparisons two calanoid copepods (Eurytemora velox and Calanipeda aquae-dulcis), two cyclopoid copepods (Diacyclops bicuspidatus odessanus and Acanthocyclops robustus) and two Daphnia (Daphnia pulicaria and Daphnia magna) species were selected. A discriminant analysis was performed to determine whether there were significant differences between the AAC of the different stages of each species. Results show gradual changes in AAC during ontogeny of the copepod species. Calanoids showed the greatest differences in AAC between stages, followed by cyclopoids. Gradual changes in AAC were due to the increase in some amino acids such as alanine, valine, glutamic acid, glycine, arginine, proline and tyrosine from nauplii to adults. The latter showed a remarkable increase in all copepod species. In contrast, Daphnia species showed a relatively constant AAC during development, with only minor changes being detected, and not related with ontogeny. Differences in the physico-chemical variables of the lagoons do not seem to be the cause of copepod ontogenic changes in AAC. Data suggest that AAC differences found between stages of copepod species could indicate a gradual change in diet during the life cycle of these copepods. 相似文献
166.
Susanna López-Legentil Nataly Bontemps-Subielos Xavier Turon Bernard Banaigs 《Marine Biology》2007,151(1):293-299
Temporal variation is one of the least known components of defence production in marine organisms. Here we examined whether
there is a predictable temporal pattern in the production of chemical and structural defences by a marine invertebrate. To
assess the seasonal variation in chemical defence, we measured ascididemin, the main pyridoacridine alkaloid in the blue Mediterranean
morph of the ascidian Cystodytes sp. Structural defence variability was assessed on the basis of colony ash content, as it contains mainly spicules. Ascididemin
concentration and the colony ash content displayed an annual cycle, reaching a minimum in spring and peaking in summer. Cross-correlation
analyses with existing data on growth and reproduction suggested a significant trade-off between investment in reproduction
and the other biological parameters considered (growth, inorganic content and ascididemin concentration). Our results suggest
that optimization of resource allocation, probably influenced by biotic interactions and physical factors, shaped the temporal
trends observed in secondary metabolite concentration and inorganic content. 相似文献
167.
The use of the Bel W3 tobacco variety revealed the existence of an intrapopulation variation of sensitivity to the ozone effect leading to the isolation of two categories of plants: sensitive and resistant. The use of sensitive plants revealed the existence of a biological ozone efficiency threshold at a level close to 34.5 ppb. Under the threshold, the biological effects observed were weak or very weak. They can be attributed to the occurrence of secondary phenomena (chemical, physiological, pathological, etc.), inducing or inhibiting necrosis, which become perceptible here. 相似文献
168.
Harvester ants have traditionally been considered as seed predators that negatively affect plants. In some cases, however, they can also act as positive seed dispersers. During field observations, we noted that a portion of Psoralea bituminosa seeds that were collected and carried to the nest by the granivorous harvester ant Messor barbarus were discarded intact in refuse piles outside the nest. We analyzed and compared the physical characteristics of size, mass and toughness in P. bituminosa seeds from two different origins: intact seeds found in the ant's refuse piles and seeds collected directly from the plants. Seeds from refuse piles were similar in width but lighter and tougher than seeds from the plant. Our results point to a mechanical defence based on seed toughness to avoid predation by M. barbarus and suggest that an elevated proportion (~69%) of the seeds produced by P. bituminosa could be too tough to be consumed by this ant. These transported but uneaten seeds could benefit by being moved far from the mother plant and this could act as a selective evolutionary pressure towards tough seeds. 相似文献
169.
Diana Garibo Cintia Flores Xavier Cetó Beatriz Prieto-Simón Manel del Valle Josep Caixach Jorge Diogène Mònica Campàs 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(18):10652-10660
In this work, protein phosphatase inhibition assays (PPIAs) have been used to evaluate the performance of recombinant PP1 and recombinant and wild-type PP2As. The enzymes have been compared using microcystins-LR (MC-LR) as a model cyanotoxin. Whereas PP2ARec provides a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.1 μg/L, PP1Rec and PP2AWild provide LODs of 0.6 and 0.5 μg/L, respectively, lower than the guideline value proposed by the World Health Organization (1 μg/L). The inhibitory potencies of seven MC variants (-LR, -RR, -dmLR, -YR, -LY, -LW and -LF) have been evaluated, resulting on 50 % inhibition coefficient (IC50) values ranging from 1.4 to 359.3 μg/L depending on the MC variant and the PP. The PPIAs have been applied to the determination of MC equivalent contents in a natural cyanobacterial bloom and an artificially contaminated sample, with multi-MC profiles. The inhibition equivalency factors (IEFs) have been applied to the individual MC quantifications determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and the estimated MC-LR equivalent content has been compared to PPIA results. PPIAs have demonstrated to be applicable as MC screening tools for environmental applications and to protect human and animal health. 相似文献
170.
Nour Hattab Mikael Motelica-Heino Xavier Bourrat Michel Mench 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(17):10307-10319
The remediation of copper-contaminated soils by aided phytostabilisation in 16 field plots at a wood preservation site was investigated. The mobility and bioavailability of four potentially toxic trace elements (PTTE), i.e., Cu, Zn, Cr, and As, were investigated in these soils 4 years after the incorporation of compost (OM, 5 % w/w) and dolomite limestone (DL, 0.2 % w/w), singly and in combination (OMDL), and the transplantation of mycorrhizal poplar and willows. Topsoil samples were collected in all field plots and potted in the laboratory. Total PTTE concentrations were determined in soil pore water (SPW) collected by Rhizon soil moisture samplers. Soil exposure intensity was assessed by Chelex100-DGT (diffusive gradient in thin films) probes. The PTTE phytoavailability was characterized by growing dwarf beans on potted soils and analyzing their foliar PTTE concentrations. OM and DL, singly and in combination (OMDL), were effective to decrease foliar Cu, Cr, Zn, and As concentrations of beans, the lowest values being numerically for the OM plants. The soil treatments did not reduce the Cu and Zn mineral masses of the bean primary leaves, but those of Cr and As decreased for the OM and DL plants. The Cu concentration in SPW was increased in the OM soil and remained unchanged in the DL and OMDL soils. The available Cu measured by DGT used to assess the soil exposure intensity correlated with the foliar Cu concentration. The Zn concentrations in SPW were reduced in the DL soil. All amendments increased As in the SPW. Based on DGT data, Cu availability was reduced in both OM and OMDL soils, while DL was the most effective to decrease soil Zn availability. 相似文献