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排序方式: 共有330条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
92.
The acceptable margin of error for the organic waste reactivity measured by the oxygen uptake method was assessed. Oxygen uptake was determined by the Dynamic Respiration Index (DRI) (mgO2/kgVS h). The composed uncertainty (uC) of the experimental set up used for the DRI test was evaluated and the uncertainty (u) of all the components of the apparatus was evaluated. A procedure for calculating the uC of the apparatus is proposed. The components affecting the uC of the DRI to a more significant extent were the one of the oxygen mass rate and the u of the amount of VS in the sample analyzed. For a confidence level of 99.73%, the extended uC (UC) interval for a DRI = 1024 mgO2/kgVS h was ±440 mgO2/kgVS h, whereas for a DRI = 3489 mgO2/kgVS h, the UC interval was ±1288 mgO2/kgVS h. When oxygen consumption and VS content become lower than 600 mgO2/h and 0.9 kg, respectively, the UC interval is similar to the measured DRI. 相似文献
93.
Maria Cristina Lavagnolo Mario Malagoli Luca Alibardi Francesco Garbo Alberto Pivato Raffaello Cossu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(5):274-282
Efficient and economic reuse of waste is one of the pillars of modern environmental engineering. In the field of domestic sewage management, source separation of yellow (urine), brown (faecal matter) and grey waters aims to recover the organic substances concentrated in brown water, the nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) in the urine and to ensure an easier treatment and recycling of grey waters. With the objective of emphasizing the potential of recovery of resources from sewage management, a lab-scale research study was carried out at the University of Padova in order to evaluate the performances of oleaginous plants (suitable for biodiesel production) in the phytotreatment of source separated yellow and grey waters. The plant species used were Brassica napus (rapeseed), Glycine max (soybean) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower). Phytotreatment tests were carried out using 20 L pots. Different testing runs were performed at an increasing nitrogen concentration in the feedstock. The results proved that oleaginous species can conveniently be used for the phytotreatment of grey and yellow waters from source separation of domestic sewage, displaying high removal efficiencies of nutrients and organic substances (nitrogen > 80%; phosphorous > 90%; COD nearly 90%). No inhibition was registered in the growth of plants irrigated with different mixtures of yellow and grey waters, where the characteristics of the two streams were reciprocally and beneficially integrated. 相似文献
94.
Francesco Barzagli Fabrizio Mani Maurizio Peruzzini 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011,5(3):448-456
The carbon dioxide capture and release from aqueous 2,2′-iminodiethanol (DEA) and N-methyl-2,2′-iminodiethanol (MDEA) have been investigated by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy. We have designed two experimental procedures using a gas mixture containing 12% (v/v) CO2 in N2 or air and 0.667 M aqueous solutions of DEA and MDEA. To understand the CO2–amine reaction equilibria, separate experiments of CO2 absorption (at 293, 313 and 333 K) and desorption (at boiling temperature, room pressure) were carried out. The 13C NMR analysis has allowed us to establish: (1) the percentage of CO2 stored in solution as HCO3?, CO32? and DEA carbamate; (2) the formation of DEA carbamate as a function of absorption temperature and time; (3) the slower decomposition of DEA carbamate than that of bicarbonate. In the experiments planned to test the reuse of the regenerated amines, the absorbent solution was continuously circulated in a closed cycle while it was absorbing CO2 in the absorber (set at 293 K) and simultaneously regenerating amine in the desorber (set at 388 K). After the equilibrium has been reached (13 h), the CO2 absorption efficiency is comprised between 84.0% (DEA) and 82.6% (MDEA) and the average amine regeneration efficiency ranges between 69.6% (DEA) and 78.2% (MDEA). Additionally, MDEA is more stable towards thermal degradation than DEA. 相似文献
95.
Pepe O Palomba S Sannino L Blaiotta G Ventorino V Moschetti G Villani F 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(2):241-250
Microbiological characterization of frescos in four different locations (Collegio degli Augustali, Casa del Colonnato Tuscanico, Casa dello Scheletro and Casa del Gran Portale) of excavation sites of Herculaneum was carried out. The use of infrared thermography allowed detecting sample points on frescos with greatest moisture not visible to the naked eye, resulting in structural damage. The microclimatic conditions provided perfect habitat for bacteria and fungi, particularly of spore forming and mould. In fact, heterotrophic bacteria were prevalent in all wall paintings monitored (ranging from 18 +/- 2 CFU 100 cm(-2) to 68 +/- 4 CFU 100 cm(-2)), whereas fungi were also detected but at lower levels (ranging from 9 +/- 2 CFU 100 cm(-2) to 45 +/- 3 CFU 100 cm(-2)). Cultural-based method allow us to identify by 16S and 26S rRNA partial sequence analysis heterotrophic microorganisms belonging to different genera of Bacillus and Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium together with the unusual genera as Microascus and Coprinus. By using this approach, Bacillus-related species (B. cereus/B. thuringiensis group, B. simplex/B. muralis group, B. megaterium and B. subtilis) were isolated in all sample points analysed with the exception of the Casa dello Scheletro in which Micrococcus luteus/Arthrobactersp. group and Streptomyces fragilis were found. DGGE analysis of PCR amplified V3 region of rDNA from DNA directly recovered from frescos samples, enabled identification of bacterial species not identified using culturable technology asthose closest related to Microbacterium group, often associated with Brevibacterium, Streptomyces and Stenotrophomonas. Combination of culture-dependent and independent methods provided better microbiology characterization of heterotrophic microbiota present on the surface of ancient frescos of this important archaeological site. 相似文献
96.
Dr Gloria Pelizzo Giancarlo Conoscenti Karim D. Kalache Francesco Vesce Paolo Guerrini Luigi Cavazzini 《黑龙江环境通报》2003,23(4):292-294
An Erratum has been published for this article in Prenatal Diagnosis 23(9) 2003, 771 Antenatal detection of an isolated abdominal cyst was found to be a pancreatoblastoma in a female fetus with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. Prenatal and post-natal features and management of this very rare tumour are discussed. Molecular investigation disclosed a mosaic paternal 11p15 uniparental disomy in the tumoral cells. The prognosis of a congenital pancreatoblastoma is good if complete surgical excision is achieved. However, the association with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome requires a prolonged follow-up because of the increased risk of developing malignant tumours. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
97.
Francesco Nazzi Renzo Bortolomeazzi Giorgio Della Vedova Fabio Del Piccolo Desiderato Annoscia Norberto Milani 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(2):309-314
The mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman is a parasite of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. and represents a major threat for apiculture in the Western world. Reproduction takes place only inside bee brood cells
that are invaded just before sealing; drone cells are preferred over worker cells, whereas queen cells are not normally invaded.
Lower incidence of mites in queen cells is at least partly due to the deterrent activity of royal jelly. In this study, the
repellent properties of royal jelly were investigated using a lab bioassay. Chemical analysis showed that octanoic acid is
a major volatile component of royal jelly; by contrast, the concentration is much lower in drone and worker larval food. Bioassays,
carried out under lab conditions, demonstrated that octanoic acid is repellent to the mite. Field studies in bee colonies
confirmed that the compound may interfere with the process of cell invasion by the mite. 相似文献
98.
Ji?í Dole?al Zuzana MaškováJan Lepš Daniela SteinbachováFrancesco de Bello Jitka KlimešováOliver Tackenberg František ZemekJan Květ 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,145(1):10-28
Oligotrophic mountain meadows are threatened biodiversity hotspots throughout Europe. The traditional summer hay-making followed by autumn grazing is no longer economic and question is whether alternative managements can maintain both plant species and functional diversity typical of these habitats. In the Bohemian Forest Mts., we applied three treatments (mowing once a year - i.e., cutting and removing the biomass, mulching once a year - cutting and leaving the crushed biomass to decompose in situ, fallowing - no cutting) in order to assess temporal changes in meadow vegetation, plant trait composition and biomass production in a 13-year experiment. We recorded for each species twenty-five traits as to be most informative of plant strategies related to growth, resource acquisition and carbon-water economy. We compared different components of trait composition (community averages that mostly reflect traits of dominant species vs. the Rao index of functional diversity that reflects trait dissimilarity among species) and their impact on biomass production. We show that mulching promotes species and functional diversity by facilitating heliophilous forbs and legumes with more acquisitive strategies in resource use and release, e.g., higher foliar N and P content. This occurs at the expense of tall grasses (with resource-retentive strategies, e.g., high leaf dry matter content) which dominate the mown and fallow plots. The divergence in most quantitative traits indicates that niche complementarity is the dominant assembly process in mulched plots, which can prevent competitive exclusion and enable species coexistence. The divergent development was detected only after 5-6 years. This slow floristic and functional response is caused by acidity of soil and severe mountain climate that preclude rapid responses of vegetation to land-use changes. We conclude that mulching represents a good compromise maintaining both plant species and functional diversity as well as a relatively high biomass production. Mowing without grazing leads to gradual nutrient loss and thus reduces the productivity and diversity in these oligotrophic ecosystems. Fallowing causes gradual loss in diversity by increased grass competition and litter accumulation. 相似文献
99.
Francesco Ciliberti Job de HaanGerard de Groot Pierpaolo Pontrandolfo 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(8):885-894
The benefits of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect the entire supply chains a firm participates in. However, not every firm is in a position to force the implementation of CSR in its supply chains as some, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), lack the necessary power. Chain directors can implement it acting as a principal, whereas the other chain members can act as agents.In the principal-agent framework, two main problems occur due to information asymmetry: adverse selection and moral hazard. This paper examines how a code of conduct (i.e. Social Accountability 8000) can help address the principal-agent problem, for SMEs, between chain directors and partners. The research method involves four case studies on CSR practices as implemented by Italian and Dutch SMEs within their supply chains. 相似文献
100.
Catalina Munteanu Cornelius Senf Mihai D. Nita Francesco Maria Sabatini Julian Oeser Rupert Seidl Tobias Kuemmerle 《Conservation biology》2022,36(2):e13820
High-conservation-value forests (HCVFs) are critically important for biodiversity and ecosystem service provisioning, but they face many threats. Where systematic HCVF inventories are missing, such as in parts of Eastern Europe, these forests remain largely unacknowledged and therefore often unprotected. We devised a novel, transferable approach for detecting HCVFs based on integrating historical spy satellite images, contemporary remote sensing data (Landsat), and information on current potential anthropogenic pressures (e.g., road infrastructure, population density, demand for fire wood, terrain). We applied the method to the Romanian Carpathians, for which we mapped forest continuity (1955–2019), canopy structural complexity, and anthropogenic pressures. We identified 738,000 ha of HCVF. More than half of this area was identified as susceptible to current anthropogenic pressures and lacked formal protection. By providing a framework for broad-scale HCVF monitoring, our approach facilitates integration of HCVF into forest conservation and management. This is urgently needed to achieve the goals of the European Union's Biodiversity Strategy to maintain valuable forest ecosystems. 相似文献