Sustainable oil-in-water analysis using a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction system directly interfaced with infrared spectroscopy

A direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system using carbon dioxide provides a sustainable means by which a vast range of industries may continue to depend on well established infrared (IR) techniques to determine oil-in-water. The SFE-IR method provides an environmentally friendly substitute for current national standard IR reference methods for measuring oil-in-water that rely on using increasingly restricted ozone depleting solvents whose manufacture is being phased out in accordance with international law. The SFE-IR analysis of a 500 mL water sample can be accomplished in 15 min. A rapid on-line SFE-IR calibration method has been implemented. With this calibration method, SFE-IR accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples using single wave number measurement was 86.0%–98.8% with precision (RSD) ranging from 2.5%–7.0%. Using a general purpose calculation which involves measuring infrared absorbance values at three di erent wave numbers, SFE-IR method accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples was 83.7%–92.2% with RSD 1.0%–9.3%. Data is presented that indicates current long established national standard IR reference methods involving three wave number calculations should be reviewed since, without careful consideration, the inclusion of calculated aromatic hydrocarbon species contributions to final oil-in-water concentration values may provide less accurate results.     

固定化藻菌流化床光生物反应器处理饮料废水

在自制的流化床光生物反应器中加入固定化藻菌小球来处理饮料废水,主要探讨了反应器中气速、液速以及固定化藻菌小球密度对系统去处效率的影响。在平均停留时间为6h,光照强度为4000lx,温度为室温,试验结果表明:COD的去除率最高可达到91.8%,NH+4-N的去除率最高可达到89.4%,对BOD、PO43--P的去除率也达到较好的效果,分别达到72.1%～85.5%和59.5%～68.0%。     

竹炭净化文物保存微环境空气低浓度氮氧化物

围绕竹炭对低浓度氮氧化物的净化效果展开研究,测定了不同NOx浓度、不同流量、不同湿度条件、不同竹炭量对低浓度氮氧化物的净化效果;研究了表面改性生物质的净化效果。结果表明：选用3g以上竹炭,在湿度〈20％,流量控制在1—1．5L／min的情况下对低浓度（150ppb）氮氧化物具有最佳的净化效果;流量控制在2L／min以下（停留时间为1．5s以上）,竹炭对NO2净化效果变化不大;活化剂改性和对竹炭进行超声处理后,生物质对NO净化效果有明显的提高作用。     

水利项目环境影响综合评价

文章研究了模糊综合评价法在水利建设项目综合环境影响评价中的应用,以某水利工程为例建立了项目环境影响评价的指标体系,并对项目环境影响进行了综合评价,同时将建设项目环保措施的落实程度进行环境影响程度对比分析。结果表明,模糊综合评价方法是一种科学合理、简单可行的环境影响评价方法,可以在水利建设项目的环境影响评价中应用推广;同...     

GIS设备异常噪声的分析与探讨

针对宁夏电网两起气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(Gas Insulated Switchgear,GIS)运行时出现异常噪声问题,通过多种带电测试手段(超声法、特高频法、SF6 气体成分法)对异常噪声的GIS 设备进行分析与对比。结果表明:由于 GIS 设备中钢体的磁滞伸缩,使得在工频周期的交变磁场改变原有已导磁的 GIS 磁化状态,引起了异常的噪声,带电测试表明此噪声不会给 GIS 设备的运行带来危害。     

两起GIS带电设备异常现象的研讨

针对两起550kV GIS 不同带电设备产生的异常现象,通过特高频、超声波、红外成像、SF₆气体成分等带电测试方法进行全方位、多角度分析与对比。结果表明:磁致伸缩引起的机械振动不会给GIS设备运行带来危害,但机械振动放电引起的异常现象将会对GIS安全运行带来一定程度的危险。     

中高温区碳酰肼还原NOx和抑制二{（左）口（右）恶}英的研究

济大学热能与环境工程研究所,上海 200092;2.上海宝钢研究院,上海 201900;3.上海电站辅机厂,上海 200090）摘要：试验研究了氧量为10.1%～16.7%的条件下,中高温区（450～1050℃）碳酰肼还原烟气中NO_x,及以不同方式加入焚烧炉和烧结系统时抑制二{（左）口（右）恶}英的生成.结果表明,在烟气中氧量较高的条件下,碳酰肼在600℃和967℃左右,脱硝效率分别达到最大,850℃左右时最低,显示了双峰效应.将碳酰肼溶液喷入适当温度区域的烟气中,能明显降低二{（左）口（右）恶}英在再合成温区（250～450℃）收集的飞灰中的二{（左）口（右）恶}英含量;将碳酰肼混入烧结矿料中进行烧结锅试验,烧结烟气中的二{（左）口（右）恶}英排放含量随着碳酰肼掺混量的增大而降低;当碳酰肼的掺混量（质量分数）达到0.1%时,烟气中二{（左）口（右）恶}英的毒性当量浓度与不掺时相比降低了78.8%.研究表明碳酰肼可以多种方式加入焚烧炉和烧结炉中抑制NO_x和二{（左）口（右）恶}英的排放,是一种很有前景的NO_x和二{（左）口（右）恶}英双效抑制剂.     

起220kV金属氧化物避雷器受潮缺陷及故障分析

在例行试验中,发现一起220kV金属氧化物避雷器(MOA)在运行电压下,三相阻性电流分量较历史数据及同组间其他金属氧化物避雷器的测量结果有明显增大迹象。通过停电诊断试验,判定A相避雷器上下节和B相避雷器上节存在内部受潮现象。经现场对A相避雷器解体发现,金属密封法兰盘紧固螺丝断裂、松动,密封垫变形,致使金属密封法兰盘密封不严,内部受潮,且在绝缘筒下端有黑色放电烧蚀痕迹。针对此缺陷,进行了故障分析,并提出预防措施。     

家庭烹饪油烟污染物排放特征研究

对5种家常菜烹制过程排放油烟中固态和气态污染物的排放浓度,以及4种不同型号吸油烟机对固态污染物的净化效率进行了测试。结果表明,在烹制不同菜品时,ρ(油脂)平均为0.41~7.71 mg/m~3,ρ(颗粒物)平均为2.28~13.15 mg/m~3,ρ(VOCs中烃类)平均为121.97~518.32μg/m~3,ρ(醛酮类)平均为288.8~1 361.6μg/m~3,以非甲烷总烃代表的ρ(VOCs)平均为1.13~13.46 mg/m~3(以碳计),以上结果的上限值均在烹制烹炒类荤菜(尖椒炒肉)时发生。从VOCs组分分布看,烃类污染物的排放以烷烃和烯烃为主,醛酮类污染物的排放以甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、丙醛、丁醛和正戊醛为主。此外,不同型号吸油烟机对各种菜品油烟中油脂的平均净化效率为63.84%~83.52%,对颗粒物的平均净化效率为61.02%~67.50%,且侧吸式吸油烟机较欧式吸油烟机净化效率高。     

Are energy conservation and emission reduction policy measures effective for industrial structure restructuring and upgrading?

The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the 10 important strategies of environmental management in China. The use of energy conservation emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy conservation and emission reduction is one of the important strategies of environmental management in China. Based on the systematic collection of 1,195 energy conservation emission reduction policies, we discuss the influence of individual measure and measure synergy of energy conservation and emission reduction policies respectively. The results show that the energy conservation and emission reduction policies have a significant effect on the overall promotion of industrial upgrading. The financial measures and guidance measures have a positive impact; the financial measures and guidance measures have significantly positive effect; however, the administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures do the opposite; the positive effect of the synergy of guidance measures and financial measures is greater than the negative effect of considering only the synergy of fiscal tax measures and other economic measures, and significantly greater than the negative effect of the synergy of administrative measures, fiscal tax measures, and other economic measures. We should strengthen and emphasize the use of the measure that has positive effect on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading individually and synergistically.