Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - During anaerobic digestion, the concentrations of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) need to be monitored to achieve good performance due to their... 相似文献
In order to estimate growth rates based on biochemical indices of the liver of wild Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), juveniles were reared at six ration levels (0, 0.5, 2, 4, 6 and 8% body weight day−1) in the laboratory for 14 days, and the relationship between their growth rates and biochemical indices (RNA/DNA, protein/DNA,
triglyceride/DNA, phospholipid/DNA and cathepsin D activities) were determined. Positive and approximately linear relationships
were seen between growth rates and the indices of RNA/DNA, protein/DNA and phospholipid/DNA. The triglyceride/DNA ratio decreased
with increasing growth rates up to approximately 1% body weight day−1, then increased linearly with increasing growth rates. There was no significant correlation between growth rates and cathepsin D
activity, and the highest values were obtained in the starved fish. Compared with laboratory-reared specimens, wild specimens
of similar sizes were found to have significantly larger livers. The RNA/DNA, protein/DNA and phospholipid/DNA ratios of wild
specimens fell in a broad range between ration groups of reared juveniles. The protein/DNA ratios of wild specimens were low
and outside the range of the reared juveniles at six ration levels. In contrast, the levels of cathepsin D activity of wild
fish were highest compared to the reared fish. Estimated growth rates of wild fish from the RNA/DNA, protein/DNA and phospholipid/DNA
regressions obtained from the rearing experiment were 1.66, −1.74 and 0.10% day−1, respectively. Based on our results, the RNA/DNA index may be regarded as the most valid and reliable growth estimator. It
is noted that the larger liver size, the lower liver protein/DNA ratio and the unexpectedly high level of cathepsin D activities
of wild specimens found in this study may reflect the different metabolic conditions of fish reared in the laboratory compared
to those collected in the field.
Received: 29 February 2000 / Accepted: 26 August 2000 相似文献
The Great East Japan Earthquake has occurred on March 11, 2011, in the Tohoku District of Japan. Due to the earthquake, big
tsunamis were induced, and they rushed to the Fukushima Nuclear Power Stations, causing severe accidents. Radioactive materials
including I-131, Cs-137 and so on were emitted from the plant to the environment. The Japanese government, Fukushima prefectural
government and other local governments have struggled against the accidents. The restricted area and deliberate evacuation
area are set by the government, and the residents are evacuated. The dose rates in and around Fukushima Prefecture have been
monitored by the governments and other involved organizations. Fukushima government has started the health management survey
for all residents in Fukushima Prefecture including the questions on their activities for the estimations of their external
doses. 相似文献
To evaluate the influence of anthropogenic emission of HCl on the air quality in the Kanto district of Japan, the atmospheric budgetof non-seasalt Cl (nssCl) was analyzed. The Kanto district, which consists of the Tokyo metropolis and the six surrounding prefectures, is the most densely populated region in Japan. The emission intensity of HCl is extremely high compared with those in other regions and most western countries. In this study, the annual wet and dry depositions of nssClwere estimated on a 0.25 × 0.25° grid over the Kanto district based on the concentration monitoring resultsand meteorological data. The budget analysis was conducted by comparing the estimated deposition with the emission of HCl. As a result, the annual total (wet + dry) deposition of nssCl was estimated to be 32 kt yr-1, which closely agreed with HCl emission (36 kt yr-1) from waste incineration in this area. The result suggested that the anthropogenic emission of HCl had a significant influence on the air quality and the deposition of acidity in this area. 相似文献
The present study aims to clarify the necessity and effectiveness of considering fuzziness in modelling fish habitat preference, and the advantages which would be achieved by considering it. For this purpose, genetic algorithm (GA) optimized habitat preference models under three different levels of fuzzification were compared with regard to prediction ability of the habitat use of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) dwelling in agricultural canals in Japan. Field surveys were conducted in agricultural canals in Japan to establish a relationship between fish habitat preference and physical environments of water depth, current velocity, lateral cover ratio and percent vegetation coverage. The habitat preference models employed for testing the fuzzy-based approach were category model, fuzzy habitat preference model, and fuzzy habitat preference model with fuzzy inputs. All the models were developed at 50 different initial conditions. The effectiveness of the fuzzification in fish habitat modelling was assessed by comparing mean square error and standard deviation of the models, and fluctuation in habitat preference curves evaluated by each model. As a result, the effect of fuzzification appeared as smoother curves and was found to reduce fluctuation in habitat preference curves in proportion to the level of fuzzification. The smooth curves would be appropriate for expressing uncertainty in habitat preference of the fish, by which fuzzy habitat preference model with fuzzy input achieve the best prediction ability among the models. In conclusion, the present study revealed that there are two advantages of fuzzification: reducing fluctuations in habitat preference evaluation and improving prediction ability of the model. Therefore, the consideration of fuzziness would be appropriate for representing fish habitat preference under natural conditions. 相似文献
This study investigated the bio-oil production from vacuum pyrolysis of potential biomass feedstocks in Thailand. Experiments were carried out on palm empty fruit bunch, rice straw, rice husk, eucalyptus wood, rubber wood (Hevea Brasiliensis), and Teng wood (Shorea Obtuse) in a lab-scale-fixed bed reactor. The results showed that the product distribution was strongly dependent on temperature and biomass properties. Maximum oil yields, i.e., 50–60 wt %, were reached at 450–550°C. Due to mild temperature, most of alkalis originally present in biomass concentrated in product char, and only traces were detected in oil. Two-third of energy in biomass was in the product oil. 相似文献
Objective: This study aimed at identifying and predicting in advance the point in time with a high risk of a virtual accident before a virtual accident actually occurs using the change of behavioral measures and subjective rating on drowsiness over time and the trend analysis of each behavioral measure.
Methods: Behavioral measures such as neck bending angle and tracking error in steering maneuvering during the simulated driving task were recorded under the low arousal condition of all participants who stayed up all night without sleeping. The trend analysis of each evaluation measure was conducted using a single regression model where time and each measure of drowsiness corresponded to an independent variable and a dependent variable, respectively. Applying the trend analysis technique to the experimental data, we proposed a method to predict in advance the point in time with a high risk of a virtual accident (in a real-world driving environment, this corresponds to a crash) before the point in time when the participant would have encountered a crucial accident if he or she continued driving a vehicle (we call this the point in time of a virtual accident).
Results: On the basis of applying the proposed trend analysis method to behavioral measures, we found that the proposed approach could predict in advance the point in time with a high risk of a virtual accident before the point in time of a virtual accident.
Conclusion: The proposed method is a promising technique for predicting in advance the time zone with potentially high risk (probability) of being involved in an accident due to drowsy driving and for warning drivers of such a drowsy and risky state. 相似文献