Comparative quantification of oxygen release by wetland plants: electrode technique and oxygen consumption model

Understanding oxygen release by plants is important to the design of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Lab-scale systems planted with Phragmites australis were studied to evaluate the amount of oxygen release by plants using electrode techniques and oxygen consumption model. Oxygen release rate (0.14 g O₂/m²/day) measured using electrode techniques was much lower than that (3.94–25.20 gO₂/m²/day) calculated using the oxygen consumption model. The results revealed that oxygen release by plants was significantly influenced by the oxygen demand for the degradation of pollutants, and the oxygen release rate increased with the rising of the concentration of degradable materials in the solution. The summary of the methods in qualifying oxygen release by wetland plants demonstrated that variations existed among different measuring methods and even in the same measuring approach. The results would be helpful for understanding the contribution of plants in constructed wetlands toward actual wastewater treatment.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of heptane in the gas-phase over TiO2.

In this paper, gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of heptane over UV-illuminated TiO2 was carried out at ambient temperature in a batch reactor. Complete oxidation of heptane with almost stoichiometric production of CO2 and H2O was observed. The intermediates detected were propanal, butanal, 3-heptanone, 4-heptanone and carbon monoxide. A scheme of the possible mechanism for PCO of heptane over TiO2 was suggested. Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics equation was obtained from the results at different initial concentrations of heptane, oxygen, moisture and light intensity. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be sustained indefinitely. This can be attributed to the production of water in the system, which can replenish the consumed hydroxyl radicals.     

城市河流水质常规评价技术研究

运用综合水质标识指数法,对我国河流水质评价面临的关键技术问题,包括水质评价方法、水质评价项目,水质级别评价,水环境功能区达标评价、水质定性评价、河流及水系整体水质比较、水质随时间和空间变化等作了明确界定,并介绍了在上海河流水质评价中的应用。     

土壤中水动力弥散系数的研究进展

从溶质运移的基本方程出发 ,系统论述了国内外对土壤中水动力弥散系数测定方法的研究进展 ,并指出了上述各种方法的适用条件及存在的问题     

负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解水中微量溶解性间二甲苯

以高压汞灯为光源 ,采用浸涂 -烧结法制备的负载型纳米TiO2 作为光催化剂 ,通过对水中微量溶解性间二甲苯的光催化氧化过程的研究表明 ,初始浓度在 6 .6 8— 17.36mg/L的范围内 ,间二甲苯的光催化反应遵循表观一级反应动力学规律 ,反应的表观速率常数随溶液初始浓度的增大而减小 ,半衰期则随初始浓度的增大而增加 ,经 1.5h反应后 ,溶液中间二甲苯的去除率从 17.36mg/L的 5 4 .4 4 %增加到 6 .6 8mg/L的 75 .90 %。     

模拟煤灰渣垂直潜流人工湿地的除磷性能分析

为确定煤灰渣作为垂直潜流人工湿地基质的可行性,通过静态吸附实验和煤灰渣去除生活污水中的磷素实验,表明煤灰渣对污水中磷素的吸附平衡时间较短,吸附速率较快.当温度降低时,煤灰渣的磷素吸附容量对吸附平衡浓度依赖性和吸附强度随之降低,最大理论吸附容量亦降低 83.10% .在处理0.5 m 3 /(m2·d)的生活污水中,煤灰渣对TP的平均去除率达86.03%,吸附方式包括物理吸附和化学吸附,同时得出煤灰渣最大磷素解析量占最大理论吸附容量的0.73%,在实际人工湿地应用中应注意磷素解析而形成的二次污染.     

连续流改进A~2/O反应器去污效果及分相培养研究

以生活污水为原水,在常温(25~33℃)条件下采用连续流改进A2/O反应器进行脱氮除磷实验研究。系统内COD降解,TN与TP去除主要在活性污泥段完成,而NH4+-N去除基本在生物接触氧化区完成。从中沉池出水硝态氮影响因素分析可知,选用较高的有机负荷有利于实现系统内分相培养。泥龄对实现系统内微生物异养菌和自养菌的分相培养具有关键影响。当泥龄10 d,可实现系统内异养菌与自养菌的分相培养。     

炭纤维载体固定床厌氧发酵启动运行效果实验

以开发高效率、抗冲击性能强的高浓度有机废水沼气发酵技术为目的,用传统的 UASB反应器作为对照,研究了以炭纤维为生物膜载体的固定床厌氧反应器的启动运行效果。反应器进口废水 COD 为 5 000 mg/L, 水力停留时间 (HRT) 由213 h 逐步缩短为35 h,进水有机容积负荷(OLR)由0.56 kg COD/ (m³·d)提到3.45 kg COD/(m³·d)。结果表明,固定床反应器厌氧发酵的效率比对照高,出水 pH 值也比对照稳定;运行到第 50 d 时,固定床厌氧反应器和对照的 COD去除率分别由第 7 d 的36.56%和33.58%上升到87.9%和62.6%;固定床厌氧反应器的容积比产气率最高为1.16 m³/(m³·d),累计产气量为415.59 L,而对照的容积比产气率最高值仅为0.31 m³ /(m³·d),累计产气量为 71.66 L,前者最高容积比产气率和累计产气量分别是后者的3.74倍和5.78倍。固定床厌氧反应器的启动速度、COD 去除率和产甲烷效率显著地高于对照反应器。     

MBR工艺中溶解性有机物的分子量和EEM解析

采用凝胶过滤色谱(GFC)分子量测定技术和三维荧光(EEM)光谱技术,对平板膜-生物反应器工艺应用于餐饮废水和粪便污水处理的工程实例进行研究,对比分析2套工艺中的调节池水和出水的溶解性有机物(DOM)及污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的性质变化.研究表明,餐饮废水处理过程的调节池水DOM中大分子(＞100 kDa)物质比例为6...     

潜流湿地对典型选控性有机污染物去除的预测

建立潜流湿地有机污染物迁移转化模型,采用多孔介质模型描述潜流湿地的水力特性,并引入Monod方程相耦合,实现对湿地系统内部流场及水质浓度的同时模拟。通过实验,校核模型参数,并验证模型。结果表明,该模型能较好模拟潜流湿地中有机污染物的去除效果;计算条件下,在不同基质填料的潜流湿地中都会出现滞水区和快速通道,影响水力效率与污染物去除效果;预测了不同填料系统中7种典型选控性有机污染物的去除效果,其处理效率:苯胺苯酚二甲苯甲苯苯硝基苯氯苯,可通过优选填料提高吸附量和延长停留时间来提高选控性有机物的处理效果。