Mn/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备及头孢合成废水的催化臭氧氧化法深度处理

对Mn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的制备条件及头孢合成废水的催化臭氧氧化法深度处理工艺条件进行了优化。实验结果表明：以Mn（NO₃）₂溶液为浸渍液,Mn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的最优制备条件为浸渍液浓度0.10 mol/L、浸渍时间9 h、焙烧温度400 ℃、焙烧时间2 h;在反应时间为30 min、废水pH为9.0、臭氧通量为4.6 mg/min、催化剂加入量为5 g/L的条件下,当进水COD、BOD₅、ρ（氨氮）和色度分别为220~250 mg/L,8~10 mg/L,10~12 mg/L和60~70倍时,出水COD、BOD₅、ρ（氨氮）和色度的平均去除率分别为53%,30%,33%和93%,出水水质满足GB 21904—2008《化学合成类制药工业水污染物排放标准》的要求。     

鼠李糖脂洗脱氯丹和灭蚁灵污染场地土壤的工艺参数

优化了鼠李糖脂洗脱氯丹、灭蚁灵污染土壤的工艺条件,为开展有机氯农药污染场地土壤洗脱修复工程实践提供科学依据和技术参数。实验结果表明,随着洗脱剂———鼠李糖脂浓度的增加,氯丹和灭蚁灵的洗脱量呈现先增加后降低的趋势;洗脱时间和液固比对洗脱效果的影响趋势与浓度相同;在0~120 r/min范围内,氯丹和灭蚁灵洗脱量随着搅拌速度的增加而增大,80、120和200 r/min的洗脱量间差异不显著;单次洗脱量随洗脱次数的增加而降低,累计洗脱量则逐渐增大。综上所述,氯丹、灭蚁灵污染场地土壤鼠李糖脂洗脱的适宜工艺参数为鼠李糖浓度10 mmol/L,搅拌速度80 r/min,固液比1∶10,洗脱时间20 min,洗脱3次。     

微波强化Fenton/活性炭工艺处理制药废水的影响因素

为了研究微波强化Fenton/活性炭工艺处理高浓度制药废水的影响因素,以阜新某集团公司生产制药原料排出的废水为研究对象,利用静态实验,采用混凝-微波强化Fenton/活性炭工艺对高浓度制药废水进行实验。实验用水为100 mL、COD为576~1 440 mg/L的制药废水,当活性炭投加量为2 g,H2O2投加量为3/4Qth,pH值为5,微波辐照功率和时间分别为500 W和7 min时,COD去除率可达到92.6%,出水COD在42.6~106.6 mg/L范围内。实验结果表明,活性炭的投加量、H2O2的投加量、pH值、微波辐照功率和辐照时间对微波强化Fenton/活性炭工艺的处理效果影响都较显著。     

Manganese concentrations in maternal–infant blood and birth weight

Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral nutrient in mammals. The physiological role of Mn in animal models is well documented, but little is known about the adverse effects of Mn deficiency or overexposure in humans, including pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight. We examined the relationship of the maternal and cord blood Mn levels with birth weight in a cohort of 172 mother–infant pairs born in Shanghai, China. Non-linear spline and quadratic regression models were used to test the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped association between the Mn levels and birth weight. The median (range) levels of Mn in the maternal and cord blood were 5.38 (2.34–30.37) μg/dL and 7.66 (2.57–34.23) μg/dL, respectively. An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between maternal Mn and birth weight after adjusting for potential confounders. The birth weight increased with Mn levels up to 4.18 μg/dL, and a slight reduction in weight was observed at higher levels. The cord blood Mn levels were not found to be associated with birth weight. Both lower and higher Mn exposures are associated with lower birth weight, which may influence important developmental parameters; the association of higher Mn levels with lower weight was weak and imprecise.     

Effects of cadmium on the photosynthetic activity in mature and young leaves of soybean plants

Cadmium (Cd) is a widely spread pollutant and can be easily taken up by crop from soil, resulting in a serious health issue for humans. The objective of this study was to comparatively investigate the photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll contents, and spectral reflectance in mature and young leaves of soybean plants after being treated with different concentrations of Cd for 10 days. The photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll contents, actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, and photochemical quenching in the young leaves decreased more significantly with increasing concentrations of Cd in the nutrient solution, compared with those in the mature leaves, though the young leaves had less Cd concentrations. Thus, there was more excessive excited energy produced in the young leaves than that in the mature leaves. In the young leaves, due to more excessive excited energy, more reactive oxygen species may be generated, which further damaged the photosynthetic apparatus. It was supported by the fact that the decrease of reflectance in near-infrared wavelengths of the young leaves was more noticeable than that of the mature leaves. In addition, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transients of the young leaves was significantly different from that in the mature leaves, indicating that the electron transport of young leaves were inhibited much more severely than that of the mature leaves. These observations imply that the responses of photosynthetic activity of soybean leaves to Cd stress depend on their growth stage, and the Cd-induced inhibition of photosynthetic activity might be attributed to the decrease in chlorophyll contents and the decrease in mesophyll CO₂ assimilation ability cause by the Cd, which further decreased the consumption of ATP and NADPH, leading to accumulation of NADPH on the acceptor sides of the PSI, and then feedback inhibited electron transport in chloroplasts.     

分子筛催化剂生产废水的生物处理

采用氨化—硝化—反硝化三段联合生物工艺处理分子筛催化剂生产过程中产生的含有机胺废水。实验结果表明：在氨化过程中,当进水COD稳定为1 200~1 600 mg/L时,出水COD低于300 mg/L,COD去除率稳定在80%左右,当进水ρ（有机氮）为100~160 mg/L时,出水ρ（有机氮）均低于30 mg/L,有机氮去除率大于80%,在整个氨化过程中,出水ρ（氨氮）较进水ρ（氨氮）提高了35~200 mg/L;硝化过程中,当进水ρ（氨氮）小于等于300 mg/L时,出水ρ（氨氮）最终稳定在15 mg/L以内,氨氮去除率大于90%;在反硝化过程中,亚硝酸盐氮去除率基本稳定在98%以上,最终出水COD低于80 mg/L,出水ρ（总氮）低于25 mg/L。     

添加天然沸石和石灰对土壤镉形态转化的影响

采用土壤培养实验,研究镉污染土壤中添加沸石、石灰及两者配施对土壤pH值和土壤镉形态变化的影响。结果表明,土壤pH值随沸石用量的增加而增加,随培养时间呈现先增加后下降并逐渐趋于稳定的趋势,但均高于对照。高剂量石灰的处理对土壤pH的影响最大,与对照相比土壤pH提高了3.33个单位。在土壤5~50 d培养过程中,石灰处理的土壤交换态镉含量呈现先逐渐降低而后略有升高的趋势,其余处理均呈下降趋势。培养50 d后,高剂量的沸石、石灰及高剂量沸石与石灰配施处理的土壤交换态镉含量从5 d时的67.54、61.95和55.56 mg/kg降低至54.65、49.93和45.96mg/kg。相关分析表明,不同培养时期交换态镉含量与土壤pH值呈负相关关系。在10个处理中,L2Z3(石灰2 g/kg土和沸石60 g/kg土)组合处理效果最好,使土壤交换态镉含量下降了34.68%,碳酸盐结合态镉含量上升了4.30%,铁锰氧化结合态镉含量上升了16.97%,有机结合态镉含量上升了1.31%,残渣态镉含量上升了12.11%。     

Comparison of lignin peroxidase and horseradish peroxidase for catalyzing the removal of nonylphenol from water

Concentrations of aqueous-phase nonylphenol (NP), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical, are shown to be reduced effectively via reaction with lignin peroxidase (LiP) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide. We systematically assessed their reaction efficiencies at varying conditions, and the results have confirmed that the catalytic performance of LiP toward NP was more efficient than that of HRP under experimental conditions. Mass spectrum analysis demonstrated that polymerization through radical–radical coupling mechanism was the pathway leading to NP transformation. Our molecular modeling with the assistance of ab initio suggested the coupling of NP likely proceeded via covalent bonding between two NP radicals at their unsubstituted carbons in phenolic rings. Data from acute immobilization tests with Daphnia confirm that NP toxicity is effectively eliminated by LiP/HRP-catalyzed NP removal. The findings in this study provide useful information for understanding LiP/HRP-mediated NP reactions, and comparison of enzymatic performance can present their advantages for up-scale applications in water/wastewater treatment.     

初级基质对降解菌Pseudomonas putida共代谢苯扎贝特的影响

通过对3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)法测定还原糖含量各影响因素的筛选,优化确定了显色时间8 min,稳定时间10 min,最佳波长490 nm下进行吸光度测定的检测方法;分析分别以葡萄糖和麦芽糖作为外加碳源时,降解菌Pseudomonas putida B-31的生长情况和共代谢降解典型药物苯扎贝特(BZF)的过程。结果表明,降解菌只有在外加碳源的条件下才可正常生长,而且其在葡萄糖环境中生长得更好;拟合得到的葡萄糖、麦芽糖和BZF代谢动力学结果显示,葡萄糖对BZF去除的促进作用更为明显,同时从葡萄糖培养基中降解菌所提取的酶比活力要高于麦芽糖培养基,分析原因可能是葡萄糖所诱导的降解菌关键酶活力更强,而且还可能会产生不同的蛋白质点位。     

东北玉米低温冷害时空分布与多时间尺度变化规律分析

利用东北地区48个农业气象观测站1961-2010年逐日温度资料和近20多年玉米生育期资料,基于热量指数构建生育阶段冷害指数,采用EOF分析、Mann-Kendall法、子波变换等方法系统分析了近50年东北玉米4个生育阶段低温冷害时空分布及周期特征。结果表明:整个生育期全区平均冷害强度呈极显著的减弱趋势,地区间冷害变化趋势呈现差异化特征,冷害强度减弱趋势由西南向东北方向呈阶梯状递增;4个生育阶段冷害指数EOF第一模态均呈冷害空间变化趋势一致的特征;冷害强度呈较明显的减弱趋势,第1到第4生育阶段减弱趋势逐渐增大,突变均发生在1990年代中期;冷害强度具有较强的周期性,出苗—七叶、出苗—抽雄存在明显的23、25年周期,出苗—乳熟、出苗—成熟均具有较明显的3年周期振荡。