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621.
Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Baedecker MJ Eganhouse RP Bekins BA Delin GN 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2011,126(3-4):140-152
The light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) oil pool in an aquifer that resulted from a pipeline spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, was analyzed for volatile hydrocarbons (VHCs) to determine if the composition of the oil remains constant over time. Oil samples were obtained from wells at five locations in the oil pool in an anaerobic part of the glacial outwash aquifer. Samples covering a 21-year period were analyzed for 25 VHCs. Compared to the composition of oil from the pipeline source, VHCs identified in oil from wells sampled in 2008 were 13 to 64% depleted. The magnitude of loss for the VHCs analyzed was toluene?o-xylene, benzene, C(6) and C(10-12)n-alkanes>C(7)-C(9)n-alkanes>m-xylene, cyclohexane, and 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene>1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and ethylbenzene. Other VHCs including p-xylene, 1,3,5- and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzenes, the tetramethylbenzenes, methyl- and ethyl-cyclohexane, and naphthalene were not depleted during the time of the study. Water-oil and air-water batch equilibration simulations indicate that volatilization and biodegradation is most important for the C(6)-C(9)n-alkanes and cyclohexanes; dissolution and biodegradation is important for most of the other hydrocarbons. Depletion of the hydrocarbons in the oil pool is controlled by: the lack of oxygen and nutrients, differing rates of recharge, and the spatial distribution of oil in the aquifer. The mass loss of these VHCs in the 5 wells is between 1.6 and 7.4% in 29years or an average annual loss of 0.06-0.26%/year. The present study shows that the composition of LNAPL changes over time and that these changes are spatially variable. This highlights the importance of characterizing the temporal and spatial variabilities of the source term in solute-transport models. 相似文献
622.
Amos RT Bekins BA Delin GN Cozzarelli IM Blowes DW Kirshtein JD 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2011,125(1-4):13-25
High resolution direct-push profiling over short vertical distances was used to investigate CH(4) attenuation in a petroleum contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. The contaminant plume was delineated using dissolved gases, redox sensitive components, major ions, carbon isotope ratios in CH(4) and CO(2), and the presence of methanotrophic bacteria. Sharp redox gradients were observed near the water table. Shifts in δ(13)C(CH4) from an average of -57.6‰ (±1.7‰) in the methanogenic zone to -39.6‰ (±8.7‰) at 105m downgradient, strongly suggest CH(4) attenuation through microbially mediated degradation. In the downgradient zone the aerobic/anaerobic transition is up to 0.5m below the water table suggesting that transport of O(2) across the water table is leading to aerobic degradation of CH(4) at this interface. Dissolved N(2) concentrations that exceeded those expected for water in equilibrium with the atmosphere indicated bubble entrapment followed by preferential stripping of O(2) through aerobic degradation of CH(4) or other hydrocarbons. Multivariate and cluster analysis were used to distinguish between areas of significant bubble entrapment and areas where other processes such as the infiltration of O(2) rich recharge water were important O(2) transport mechanisms. 相似文献
623.
高声能密度超声波破碎污泥细胞效能的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用超声波在较高声能密度下处理SBR的剩余污泥,主要考察了含固率、声能密度和作用时间对污泥细胞破碎效果的影响。结果表明,在声能密度0.5~3 W/mL内,含固率1%~1.5%的剩余污泥经超声波作用后,上清液SCOD随作用时间呈线性升高;在声能密度1~3 W/mL内,含固率0.25%~0.5%的剩余污泥经超声波作用后,上清液SCOD随作用时间呈平缓缓慢升高。高声能密度超声波更适合对较高含固率污泥的细胞破碎;此情况下,上清液SCOD增幅、NH4+-N、TN及TP升幅均与声能密度正相关。经超声波作用6 min后,污泥形态结构已破坏。 相似文献
624.
Co-composting of chicken manure, straw and dry grasses was investigated in a forced aeration system to estimate the effect of aeration rates on NH3, CH4 and N2O emissions and compost quality. Continuous measurements of gas emissions were carried out and detailed gas emission patterns were obtained using an intermittent-aeration of 30 min on/30 min off at rates of 0.01 (A1), 0.1 (A2) and 0.2 (A3) m3 min−1 m−3. Concentrations of CH4 and N2O at the low aeration rate (A1) were significantly greater than those at the other two rates, but there was no significant difference between the A2 and A3 treatments. CH4 and N2O emissions for this mixture could be controlled when the composting process was aerobic and ammonia emissions were reduced at a lower aeration rate. Comparison of CH4, N2O, NH3 emissions and compost quality showed that the aeration rate of the A2 treatment was superior to the other two aeration rates. 相似文献
625.
闫启平 《再生资源与循环经济》2011,4(1)
论述了我国现行"再生资源增值税政策"的法规主体及其演变过程;分析了现行税收政策的施法效果及良好预期,以及停止退税对废钢铁市场的正面和负面影响;对2011年我国废钢铁供需市场进行预测,并提出政策层面的立法建议. 相似文献
626.
闫启平 《再生资源与循环经济》2010,3(9)
2010年7月中旬至8月中旬,中国废钢铁市场连续五周持续上扬。进口矿石的上扬、国际废钢市场的全面涨价、国际钢材市场的普遍回升及我国钢铁工业低利润格局的变化等,都是支撑我国废钢铁市场回升的内在动力。 相似文献
627.
628.
Mirnader Ghazali Edward McBean Hua Shen William Anderson Paul‐André Dastous 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2010,20(4):119-132
Soil contaminated with persistent pesticides, such as DDT, poses a serious risk to humans and to wildlife. A surfactant‐aided soil‐washing technique was studied as an alternative method for remediation of DDT‐contaminated soil. An ex situ soil washing method was investigated using nonionic and anionic surfactants due to the clayey structure of the contaminated soil. A mixture of 1 percent nonionic surfactant (Brij 35) and 1 percent anionic surfactant (SDBS) removed more than 50 percent of DDT from soil in a flow‐through system, whereas individual surfactants or other combinations of the surfactants had a lower removal efficiency. The soil‐washing technique was improved using a mixing system. The mixture of surfactants was optimized in the mixing system, and the combination of 2 percent Brij 35 and 0.1 percent SDBS was found to be optimum, removing 70 to 80 percent of DDT. Prewashing of the soil with tap water decreased the adsorption of surfactants to soil particles by 30 to 40 percent, and postwashing recovered 90 percent of the surfactants. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
629.
浅析含油污泥处理中石油烃控制指标 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
石油烃含量是含油污泥处理中必不可少的重要控制指标。文章分析了含油污泥中石油烃组成及主要污染控制要求,介绍了国内外含油污泥处置对石油烃含量的控制现状;依据危险废物鉴别标准的相关规定,以及对原油中芳香族化合物及其多环芳烃含量的研究成果,对采用石油烃指标进行危险废物鉴别做了推论计算。结果认为:含油污泥等固体废物及其处理残余物的石油烃含量≤0.25%,不属于危险废物;石油烃含量介于0.25%~1.7%时,其是否属于危险废物,最终需要进行危险废物鉴别而确定;石油烃含量1.7%,则属于危险废物。 相似文献
630.
Seasonal variations of nitrogen and phosphorus retention in an agricultural drainage river in East China 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
Dingjiang Chen Jun Lu Hailong Wang Yena Shen Mark O. Kimberley 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(2):312-320