Experimental landfill caps for semi-arid and arid climates.

The United States EPA Subtitle D municipal solid waste landfill requirements specify that the permeability of a cap to a landfill be no greater than the permeability of the underliner. In recent years the concept of the evapotranspirative (ET) cap has been developed in which the cap is designed to store all rain infiltration and re-evapotranspire it during dry weather. Concern at the long period required for landfilled municipal solid waste to decompose and stabilize in arid and semi-arid climates has led to an extension of the concept of the ET cap. With the infiltrate-stabilize-evapotranspire (ISE) cap, rain infiltration during wet weather is permitted to enter the underlying waste, thus accelerating the decomposition and stabilization process. Excess infiltration is then removed from both waste and cap by evaporation during dry weather. The paper describes the construction and operation of two sets of experimental ISE caps, one in a winter rainfall semi-arid climate, and the other in a summer rainfall semi-arid climate. Observation of the rainfall, soil evaporation and amount of water stored in the caps has allowed water balances to be constructed for caps of various thicknesses. These observations show that the ISE concept is viable. In the limit, when there is insufficient rainfall to infiltrate the waste, an ISE cap operates as an ET cap.     

常德市地下水污染现状及防治对策

摘要：随着国民经济的快速发展和城市人口的大量增加，水资源的保护和开发利用显得日趋重要。本文通过对常德市的地下水水样进行污染综合指数评价，得出了常德市的地下水污染现状，对地下水污染源和污染途径进行了分析，提出了相应的防治建议。     

液货危险品码头的安全与防治污染管理对策

液货（液体化工）危险品码头的安全与污染防治管理水平直接关系到港口、码头、水域和周围环境的安全。本文结合日照港的实际，对日照港口安全管理状况调查和分析，找出了港口安全管理存在的主要问题是安全管理机构、法规、人员等方面存在缺陷，提出对该类码头的安全管理与污染防治对策，从而为港口安全有效管理提供决策依据。     

灾损度指数法在灾害经济损失评估中的应用——以福建台风灾害经济损失趋势分析为例

采用灾损度DLD和环境不稳定度EI两个要素,构建了灾害经济损失指数DELI(灾损度指数)指标对灾害经济损失进行评估。并应用它对福建省台风灾害经济损失趋势变化进行分析。研究表明:利用灾损度指数对灾害经济损失评估方法可取,它不受灾害发生的时间和地点限制,可比性强,资料信息源多,计算方便,适用范围广;福建省台风灾害灾损度指数呈波动上升,反映福建台风灾情加重与灾害本身损失加大和福建省环境不稳定度加大有关,与实际情况相符。     

综合性医院建设项目环境影响评价要点分析

综合性医院的医疗废水要分一般废水和特殊废水，在坚持全过程控制原则、减量化原则、就地处理等原则的同时，根据需要进行一级处理和二级处理；按要求将医疗垃圾分类、包装、存放、处理；对水处理污泥应按危险废物进行处理。建设项目的水环境影响评价应进行详细的预测评价、一般专项评价或一般性分析；在医疗废物处理设施的环境影响评价中，医疗废物焚烧应作为评价重点，做到社会效益、环境效益和经济效益相统一。     

Selecting peptide ligands of microcystin-LR from phage displayed random libraries

In the present study, we investigated to find novel ligands for low molecular weight environmental toxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) by using phage display technology. Two random libraries, displaying linear 12-mer peptides and cyclic 7-mer peptides, were screened against the immobilized target respectively. After three rounds of panning, phage clones that recognized microcystin-LR specifically were obtained from both the linear and the constrained libraries, proved by enzyme-linked immumosorbent assays and immunoprecipitation assays. DNA sequencing indicated that peptides displayed on some of the selected clones shared consensus sequences. Compared with traditional methods, this approach provided a cheaper and more rapid alternative to screen specific ligands for microcystin-LR. Moreover, since it is rather difficult to take small molecules as targets of phage display libraries, the success of this experiment expanded the applications of phage display technology, and provided a new avenue to study environmental small molecular toxins.     

运用雇主分立理论确定劳务派遣中的雇主责任

随着我国劳务派遣的快速发展，因劳务派遣而发生的侵犯被派遣劳动者合法权益的纠纷也层出不穷。与传统的劳动法律关系只有劳动者与用人单位两方主体不同，劳务派遣中涉及派遣单位、要派单位和被派遣劳动者三方的权利和义务。由于我国立法和理论研究的相对滞后，如何确认劳务派遣中的雇主以及雇主责任就成为各地司法机构和仲裁机构处理劳务派遣纠纷的焦点和难点。为此，笔者想谈谈自己的看法。     

长江下游氮、磷含量变化及其输送量的估计

根据在１９９７和１９９８年内对长江干流大通站河水的３次采样分析,结合该站１９６２～１９９０年的水质资料,对长江下游Ｎ、Ｐ含量变化及其输送量进行研究．总氮、总磷的平均含量分别为１．６～２．２ｍ ｇ·Ｌ^-1和０．１１～０．１５ｍ ｇ·Ｌ^-1,Ｎ 以ＮＯ^-_３ －Ｎ 为主,约占７６％ ,其余主要为溶解有机氮和颗粒氮;Ｐ以颗粒态为主,占９５％ 以上．从５、６月到８月,ＮＯ^-_３－Ｎ含量是逐渐降低的,ＤＯＮ含量有较大幅度的上升,ＰＮ、ＰＰ及ＴＰ含量也有所增高．与历史资料相比,长江大通站溶解无机氮（ＤＩＮ）和ＰＯ^3-₄－Ｐ含量还在不断上升,Ｎ、Ｐ含量的上升与流域化肥施用量变化趋势一致．１９９８年夏季洪水期间,约有７９．９５万ｔＮ和８．３６万ｔＰ从大通站向下游输送,其中ＤＩＮ与生物有效磷（ＢＡＰ）比值远高于浮游植物生长的Ｐ限制值.     

总程平衡治理技术处理饮料废水工艺

对可乐废水采用总程平衡治理技术,经调查、试验与计算,对废水实行动态的分流．将占总水量不足２％ 的浓废水进行厌氧处理,去除占ＣＯＤ总量７０％ 以上的污染物,使好氧处理负荷降低．根据费用计算中所作假设,在其它条件不变的情况下,总程平衡治理工艺吨水处理能耗可比常规好氧治理工艺节省４８％ ．     

如何处理交通运输中的几项辨证关系

交通运输是物质生产的一个特殊部门,是生产过程在消费领域中的再延续,它把生产与消费空间有机地连接起来,是实实在在的“流通领域”,它使人和物在全球范围内进行着生产、工作和学习的重新配置。交通活动是一个复杂的动态系统,在交通过程中人与人、人与车、人与路、车...