关于HSE管理体系的理性思考

HSE管理体系作为一种科学的管理方法,已在中国石化的各企业建立与实施.笔者结合体系运行中存在的问题,对HSE管理体系的法律性、系统性、前瞻性、科学性、先进性特点进行了探讨.     

OHSAS18001 4.3.1要素导读

不少企业建立的HSE管理体系或职业健康安全管理体系,对危害和风险概念的理解不到位,尤其是4.3.1要素"危害识别风险评价和控制措施的策划"没有为其它要素的展开提供信息,也就是说4.3.1要素是孤立的.而4.3.1要素明确提出了风险评价与各实施性要素之间的关系.     

生物质秸秆静态与动态厌氧消化产甲烷潜能对比研究

中温(32~35℃)环境下,通过对固含率为15%三种不同粒径的发酵物料(0.5 cm以下、1~2 cm、3~5 cm)的厌氧消化过程分析,并且对固含率20%、25%、30%与带消化液回流的厌氧发酵实验研究,结果表明:三种不同粒径发酵物料产气量最大的是<0.5 cm,其次依次为1~2 cm,3~5 cm,考虑到粒径小容易酸化的原因,选择秸秆厌氧消化的粒径范围0.5~2.0 cm;小麦秸秆无回流间歇发酵的产气率可达到每立方米发酵物料2~3 m3/d,带消化液回流的厌氧发酵产气率达到2.2 m3/(m3.d);初始固含率8%的发酵物料经过消化液回流、排剩,最终发酵物的固含率为16.4%;小麦秸秆无回流间歇发酵产甲烷潜能最大达249.0 m3/t,对应的固含率为25%,带消化液回流的厌氧发酵产甲烷潜能达223.06 m3/t。     

Cyanobacteria-/cyanotoxin-contaminations and eutrophication status before Wuxi Drinking Water Crisis in Lake Taihu, China

After the appalling “Wuxi DrinkingWater Crisis”, increasing investigations concerning the contaminations of cyanobacterial blooms and their toxins in Lake Taihu have been performed and reported in the last two years. However, information regarding these issues before the crisis in 2007 remained insu cient. To provide some background data for further comparisons, the present study reported our investigations conducted in 2004, associated with the cyanotoxin contaminations as well as the eutrophication status in Lake Taihu. Results from the one-year-study near a drinking water resource for Wuxi City indicated that, unlike the status in recent two years, cyanobacteria and chlorophyta are the co-dominance species throughout the year. The highest toxin concentration (34.2 ng/mL) in water columns occurred in August. In bloom biomass, the peak value of intracellular toxin (0.59 g/mg DW) was determined in October, which was lag behind that in water column. In addition, MC-RR was the major toxin variant throughout the year. During the study period, nutrients levels of total nitrogen and phosphorus were also recorded monthly. Results from the present study will lead to a better understanding of the eutrophication status and the potential risks before “Wuxi Drinking Water Crisis”.     

测定水中氰化物影响条件的实验研究

异烟酸一吡唑啉酮分光光度法在实际应用中稳定性较差,通过对显色反应条件的试验,以及对其他影响因素的分析,探索测定了反应的最佳条件。     

事故隐患治理项目后评估程序及重点内容研究

简述了项目后评估的概念和作用,介绍了中国石化隐患项目监管规定,重点探讨了中国石化事故隐患治理项目后评估工作程序、重点内容以及实施效果。     

杭州市主城区污水处理厂污泥处置方案探讨

在总结国内工程中得到应用的污泥处置技术的基础上,结合杭州市的实际情况,根据污泥处置方案选择原则,提出杭州市主城区污水处理厂污泥的处置方案。近期污水处理厂污泥仍送至有机肥料厂进行堆肥,但要采取合理的处理方式使污泥肥料产品的质量达到国家规定的污泥农用标准;由于污泥为中度污染污泥,必须减量化处置和利用,随着干化焚烧技术和建材利用技术的日益成熟,杭州市主城区污水污泥应选择以干化焚烧和建材利用为主,其它技术为辅的处置方式。     

大气污染对呼吸系统疾病的影响——以河南省A市为例

文章将二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)等主要污染物的监测浓度值与呼吸系统疾病(支气管炎、肺炎、哮喘)住院人数进行相关性分析,以探讨A市大气污染对呼吸系统疾病的影响。研究结果表明,二氧化氮(NO2)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)对支气管炎住院人数有显著影响,可吸入颗粒物(PM10)还与哮喘住院人数有密切的关系,因此A市大气污染可能与呼吸系统疾病的环境病因有关。     

PAC强化“水解酸化+CAST”工艺处理混合化工废水的研究

采用粉末活性炭(PAC)强化"水解酸化+CAST"工艺对混合化工废水进行研究。试验结果表明:PAC强化"水解酸化+CAST"工艺对进水中COD、难降解COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TP等参数的去除率分别达到了82.8%、52.8%、95.8%、88.8%和94.2%,实际出水水质有了很明显提高。PAC与活性污泥法耦合处理废水,PAC在产生吸附作用的同时,具有与生物协同的降解作用。通过改变PAC的投加方式和投加量试验,出于经济方面考虑,在保证出水水质指标达标的前提下,确定2~3天为一个比较合理的PAC投加周期。     

Reductive transformation and detoxification mechanism of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in combined zero valent iron and anaerobic-aerobic process

A combined zero valent iron (ZVI) and anaerobic-aerobic process was adopted for the treatment of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-containing wastewater. The transformation pathway, reduction of acute toxicity and enhancement of biodegradability were investigated. After pretreatment by ZVI, DNCB in wastewater could be completely converted into 2,4-diaminochlorobenzene (DACB). The ratio of BOD₅/COD increased from 0.005 ± 0.001 to 0.168 ± 0.007, while EC_{50, 48 hr} (V/V) increased from 0.65% to 5.20%, indicating the enhancement of biodegradability and reduction of acute toxicity with the pretreatment by ZVI. DACB was further dechlorinated to m-phenylenediamine during the anaerobic process using methanol as electron donor, with EC_{50, 48 hr} increasing from 5.20% to 48.2%. After the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process, m-phenylenediamine was degraded completely, with effluent COD of 67.5 ± 10.8 mg/L. This effluent of the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process was not toxic to zebrafish. The combined ZVI and anaerobic-aerobic process offers bright prospects for the treatment of chlorinated nitroaromatic compound-containing wastewater.