PAC强化“水解酸化+CAST”工艺处理混合化工废水的研究

采用粉末活性炭(PAC)强化"水解酸化+CAST"工艺对混合化工废水进行研究。试验结果表明:PAC强化"水解酸化+CAST"工艺对进水中COD、难降解COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TP等参数的去除率分别达到了82.8%、52.8%、95.8%、88.8%和94.2%,实际出水水质有了很明显提高。PAC与活性污泥法耦合处理废水,PAC在产生吸附作用的同时,具有与生物协同的降解作用。通过改变PAC的投加方式和投加量试验,出于经济方面考虑,在保证出水水质指标达标的前提下,确定2~3天为一个比较合理的PAC投加周期。     

Reductive transformation and detoxification mechanism of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in combined zero valent iron and anaerobic-aerobic process

A combined zero valent iron (ZVI) and anaerobic-aerobic process was adopted for the treatment of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-containing wastewater. The transformation pathway, reduction of acute toxicity and enhancement of biodegradability were investigated. After pretreatment by ZVI, DNCB in wastewater could be completely converted into 2,4-diaminochlorobenzene (DACB). The ratio of BOD₅/COD increased from 0.005 ± 0.001 to 0.168 ± 0.007, while EC_{50, 48 hr} (V/V) increased from 0.65% to 5.20%, indicating the enhancement of biodegradability and reduction of acute toxicity with the pretreatment by ZVI. DACB was further dechlorinated to m-phenylenediamine during the anaerobic process using methanol as electron donor, with EC_{50, 48 hr} increasing from 5.20% to 48.2%. After the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process, m-phenylenediamine was degraded completely, with effluent COD of 67.5 ± 10.8 mg/L. This effluent of the subsequent anaerobic-aerobic process was not toxic to zebrafish. The combined ZVI and anaerobic-aerobic process offers bright prospects for the treatment of chlorinated nitroaromatic compound-containing wastewater.     

渤海湾脉红螺中多氯联苯和多溴联苯醚的测定分析

应用GC/HRMS对渤海湾脉红螺中的PCBs(多氯联苯)和PBDEs(多溴联苯醚)2类持久性有机污染物进行了测定分析.结果表明:雄性脉红螺中PCB(3～10氯代)的质量分数(10.1 ng/g,以干质量计)和PBDEs(BDE28、BDE47、BDE99、BDE100、BDE153、BDE154、BDE209)的质量分数(1.74 ng//g)均高于雌性脉红螺(分别为8.09和1.38 ng/g);雄性脉红螺中PCBs的WHO-TEQ(毒性当量,8.41 pg/g,以脂肪质量计)高于雌性脉红螺(4.34 pg/g),其中PCB118和PCB126的贡献率分别为13%和77%.脉红螺的不同组织中,性腺和消化腺中w(PCBs)和w(PBDEs)最高,肌肉组织中最低;主要同类物为PCB118、PCB101、PCB28、PCB138、PCB180、PCB52、PCB153和5-PCB以及BDE209.渤海湾脉红螺的消化腺可以作为PCBs和PBDEs的生物指示物.     

浊漳河山西省潞城市境内段河流生态健康评价研究

浊漳河山西省潞城市境内干流段及南源段河道生态环境目前最突出的问题在于水质恶化、水量减少以及生物多样性衰退。本文从水质、水量、生物状况三个要素出发,通过建立浊漳河潞城市境内河段的水生态健康评价体系,对浊漳南源及干流段进行了生态健康诊断。结果显示,浊漳干流段生态健康总指数36.74,呈生态病态状;南源段生态健康总指数60.03,呈基本健康状态。据此,浊漳河潞城境内段目前的核心问题是生态恢复问题,应当针对其存在的问题选择适当的生态修复模式,采取相应的生态环境管理方法,把生态系统的恢复和重建作为其流域治理的最终目标。     

化工园区定量风险评估方法及其应用

分析了我国化工园区风险特点,介绍了区域定量风险评估方法,以某化工园区为例进行了定量风险评估,通过分析计算,给出了该区域的风险评估结果,项目符合标准的要求,提出了风险控制措施,有助于化工园区装置合理布置和科学规划.     

高压聚乙烯反应单元火灾爆炸危险性分析及预防

运用道化学公司火灾爆炸危险指数评价（第7版）方法,针对管式法高压聚乙烯生产工艺的特点,计算分析安全措施补偿后的火灾爆炸指数,分析总结其火灾危险性,并提出了一些具体的防火防爆措施。     

Changes of public environmental awareness in response to the Taihu blue-green algae bloom incident in China

Environmental problems are becoming increasingly severe in China with industrial discharges and household sewages being the main sources of water pollution in the country. For example, in the case of Taihu Lake, more than half of the total phosphorus in the lake comes from household sewage. While industrial pollution can be treated through technology innovation and controlled by environmental regulations and laws, decreasing household sewage relies entirely on residents. Raising public environmental awareness therefore is essential for ensuring effective environmental improvement and protection. A quantitative assessment of public awareness can inform policy and decision makers; however, not many such studies have been conducted. Changes in the awareness levels in response to a major environmental pollution incident are of particular interest because of the people’s first-hand experience of the triggered consequences. The present paper establishes a system of indicators for the assessment of public environmental awareness. Combined with a fuzzy matter-element analysis method, a model is set-up to quantitatively assess the public environmental awareness. The model is then applied to assess the environmental awareness of the residents of Wuxi City after its major lake Taihu suffered a severe algae bloom in 2007. This study examines whether this serious environmental incident affected people’s environmental awareness and to what degree. The findings show that the matter-element model is capable to resolve well the fuzziness of the ranking affiliation and classification of subjective perceptions, such as public environmental awareness. They show that this environmental incident has had significant positive impacts on the environmental awareness of Wuxi residents. The paper concludes with recommendations related to raising public environmental awareness.     

纳米二硫化钼促进粪肠球菌中信息素诱导质粒介导的耐药基因接合转移

粪肠球菌是一种通常寄居在人和动物胃肠道中的机会致病菌,并广泛存在于环境中。其可通过基因的水平转移获得抗生素抗性。纳米二硫化钼(molybdenum disulfide, MoS_2)是一种新型的二维层状材料,有广泛的应用前景,但缺乏对纳米MoS_2完整的生物安全评价。本研究以粪肠球菌为接合模型,将纳米MoS_2加入接合体系中研究其对信息素诱导质粒pCF10接合转移的影响。研究发现,纳米MoS_2具有促进接合转移的作用,其中25 mg·L^(-1)的纳米MoS_2促进效果最明显,可以将接合频率提高5倍～8倍。因为纳米MoS_2良好的生物相容性对细胞膜通透性、细胞内活性氧水平和接合转移调控基因的表达都没有产生明显影响。纳米MoS_2具有吸附性能,而且又是片层状的结构,这使得其可以附着在细菌表面,促进细菌的聚集,进而促进pCF10质粒接合转移的发生。     

Status and changes of water quality in typical near-city zones of three East African Great Lakes in Tanzania

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Tanzania is the only country bordering all three transboundary East African Great Lakes, i.e., Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and Lake Nyasa (Lake...     

Fluorescently visualizing the penetration of anionic surfactants across cytoplasmic membrane and the subsequent damage on human cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The extensive application of chemically synthesized anionic surfactants would cause serious pollution of water and increase health risk to humans....