养殖场周边环境污染对畜禽养殖质量影响研究——以基于DNA条形码技术的黄牛肉质检测物研究为例

当前养殖场周边环境严重影响畜禽类的养殖质量,以基于DNA条形码技术的黄牛肉质检测物研究为例,对黄牛肉的真伪进行了检测。对黄牛种类特异性基因COI基因(NC_006853.1)序列进行设计,利用DNA提取、DNA纯度和浓度测定、PCR扩增、电泳检测、DNA纯化和回收、DNA克隆,完成肉质真伪的检测。得到电泳检测结果,真正黄牛肉扩增片段长度为534 bp,其余肉品样本不能扩增出534 bp。实验结果表明,该检测方法操作方便,检测时间短,应用前景较好,可以满足市场肉类监督检测需要。     

化学修饰电极预富集—石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中可溶性铅

研究了用Ｎａｆｉｏｎ化学修饰电极预富集－石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中可溶性铅的方法。土壤经０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ处理，以Ｎａｆｉｏｎ修饰的钨丝电极富集可溶性痕量铅后，放入石墨杯中进行原子吸收法测定。实验结果，在ｐＨ３．５的ＨＣｌ介质中，测定的线性范围为０～４．５μｇ／Ｌ，检测限为０．０４μｇ／Ｌ；对浓度为２μｇ／Ｌ的铅标准溶液平行测定１０次，相对标准偏差为２．６％；１０多种离子不干扰测定，样品回收     

拉萨河水资源合理利用研究

在评价拉萨河水资源和水资源利用现状的基础上，预测拉萨河水资源利用的发展趋势，进行了供需分析，提出了拉萨河水资源合理利用的方案。     

面向制信息权的核污染扩散预警技术研究

以核电站核污染扩散预警技术为研究对象,基于环保指挥自动化系统C4ISRE,通过整合WRF、HYSPLIT、Unidata IDV、AGI STK、Arc GIS系统等构建核污染扩散单一合成图SIP(Single Integrated Picture),并通过SIP对核污染扩散进行详细分析,进而实现对核污染应急处置的制信息权。研究表明:当研究区实际的天气系统具备了本例模拟的气象特征时,即主体风向为局部区域东北风3~4级,局部区域西北风6~7级,发生与日本福岛核事故同样等级的事故,12个小时后,受影响的居民区主要为谢屯镇、炮台镇、李店镇、普兰店市、无名区1。其中,炮台镇的大部分区域浓度为10 Pbq,面积为2.66 km 2,东北方向部分区域浓度为100 Pbq,面积为0.03 km~2;普兰店市西南部区域浓度为10 Pbq,面积为8.00 km~2,东北部区域浓度为100 Pbq,面积为0.033 km 2;李店镇东北区域浓度为1 Pbq,面积为0.93km~2;无名区1南部区域浓度为1 Pbq,面积为4.50 km~2。     

铜、镍、铅、锌4种重金属对水田土壤藻类的综合效应

为确定污水、污泥的农田施用标准,使用正交试验表L₉（3⁴）研究了4种重金属铜、镍、铅和锌在低、中、高3种浓度下对土壤藻类的数量和种类的影响。混合重金属使土壤藻类的种群结构发生改变,使蓝藻数量减少,硅藻数量或减少或增加,视条件而定,裸藻成为优势种。在土壤－藻类体系中重金属临界值铜为50mg/kg,镍为50mg/kg,铅为150mg/kg,锌为300mg/kg。     

新疆工业固体废物状况及对策与建议

根据新疆工业固体废物的产生特点及工业固体废物处理处置现状,提出适用于本地的对策与建议。     

环境污染对生态危害经济损失评估模式的研究

定量评估环境污染对生态环境危害的经济损失,是环境科学研究的课题。本文从风险评价和环境经济学角度,提出环境污染对生态环境危害经济损失的评估模式。     

Currently used organophosphate and brominated flame retardants in the environment of China and other developing countries (2000–2016)

This review summarizes the environmental occurrence of new brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and organophosphate compounds (OPs) in the environment of developing countries since 2000. The ban on the production and use of commercial formulations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have paved the way for the high use of NBFRs and OPs in consumer products to fulfill the fire safety regulations. Recent studies have shown that the ever increasing production volumes and extensive use of these chemicals as additive FRs and plasticizers have resulted into their ubiquitous occurrence in all environmental compartments. Although presumed to be safe for use and the environment, recent studies on their occurrence and persistence in the environment have raised questions. Due to the lack of awareness, research interest, and availability of technical facilities, limited scientific data is available on the occurrence of these chemicals in developing countries. In this study, we collected reported data and provide an overview of environmental occurrence of NBFRs and OPs in abiotic and biotic matrices of different developing countries. Finally, research gaps were identified with recommendations for future research work and would be useful towards the environmental management of these toxic chemicals.     

Management Systems Approach to Building Vapor Intrusion: A Facility Manager's Guide

Vapor intrusion (VI) has the potential to affect over 100,000 developed and undeveloped sites in the United States. Vapor intrusion occurs when the migration of volatile chemicals from the subsurface enters overlying buildings. A myriad of adverse health effects have been documented based on the inhalation of volatile chemicals from VI. At a time when most state and federal agencies have yet to set firm standards, the burden of responsibility is often placed on the facility manager to decide how to protect building occupants from volatile organic compounds potentially seeping into buildings. This article outlines a detailed step‐by‐step process for facility managers on how to begin a VI assessment and, when warranted, establish a site‐specific vapor intrusion management system for building occupant protection. This document should be used concurrently with current federal and state guidelines as it pertains to VI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Subnational government and EIA in the developing world: Bureaucratic strategy and political change in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

EIA has been instituted in developing countries in the last decade largely in response to outside pressures. Governments have been quick to initiate reforms rather than jeopardize projects that might be key to national development plans. At the subnational level, most projects are not financed by foreign aid. The application of EIA at this level is often the result of pressure exerted on policy elites by the bureaucracy. This paper describes the reorganization of environmental protection agencies in the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. This reorganization provided the setting for a bureaucratic initiative on EIA. The authors also analyze two cases in which EIA was applied unsatisfactorily and comment on the political realites of implementing EIA at the subnational level.