如何处理交通运输中的几项辨证关系

交通运输是物质生产的一个特殊部门,是生产过程在消费领域中的再延续,它把生产与消费空间有机地连接起来,是实实在在的“流通领域”,它使人和物在全球范围内进行着生产、工作和学习的重新配置。交通活动是一个复杂的动态系统,在交通过程中人与人、人与车、人与路、车...     

基于PLC的企业铁路道口安全控制系统研究

企业铁路是企业生产的重要组成部分,然而企业铁路道口的安全问题一直较为突出,主要是因为目前所用的道口安全控制系统在灵活性和可靠性方面难以协调一致.针对这种状况,提出了基于PCL的铁路道口安全控制系统,研究了PCL安全控制系统的实现方案,并用实例证明了它的科学性和可行性.     

危险化学品在运输过程中的危险分析及控制

分析了危险化学品在运输中发生火灾爆炸的致灾因子及其危害的特点,并采用定量计算的方法给出危害的直观描述,进而提出危险化学品在运输过程中的控制措施.     

改进旋风器结构提高除尘效率的新方法

讨论改变旋风器整体结构，增加附件，改进原有旋风器构件的几种改进结构新做法，分析这些做法提高除尘效率的合理性。     

厂内道口安全问题探讨

阐述了当前厂内道口的现状，并从人的因素与物的因素2方面分析了厂内道口安全管理上存在的问题和不足(如道口安全设施落后，无人道口管理薄弱等)提出了相应的建议和相关的控制对策(如研制新型道口检测装置，对无人道口实行分组、分时管理等)。     

啤酒工业废水的来源与水质特点

啤酒工业迅猛发展的同时，排出了大量的啤酒废水，给环境造成了极大的威胁。通过啤酒生产的工艺详细分析了啤酒废水的来源与特点。为研究开发高效、经济的啤酒废水处理新技术提供参考。     

Experimental study on the impact of temperature on the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas

Water temperature not only affects the solubility of gas in water but can also be an important factor in the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas （TDG）. The quantitative relationship between the dissipation process and temperature has not been previously described. This relationship affects the accurate evaluation of the dissipation process and the subsequent biological effects. This article experimentally investigates the impact of temperature on supersaturated TDG dissipation in static and turbulent conditions. The results show that the supersaturated TDG dissipation coefficient increases with the temperature and turbulence intensity. The quantitative relationship was verified by straight flume experiments. This study enhances our understanding of the dissipation of supersaturated TDG. Furthermore, it provides a scientific foundation for the accurate prediction of the dissipation process of supersaturated TDG in the downstream area and the negative imp）acts of high dam projects on aquatic ecosystems.     

有机膨润土吸附对硝基苯酚的性能及其在水处理中的应用初探

分别用溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）和氯化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＣ）改性膨润土，研究了制备有机膨润土的适宜条件及其对吸附对对硝基苯酚性能的影响。２５℃时，ＣＴＭＢ－膨润土和ＣＰＣ－膨润土对对硝基苯酚的饱和吸附量分别为４７５ｍｇ／ｇ，远大于原土的饱和吸附量（１２５ｍｇ／ｇ）。ｐＨ〉７时，有机膨润土吸附处理对硝基苯酚的去除率都在８５％以上，比原土的去除率（８．６％）大９倍，通过Ｘ－衍射、红外光谱分析、比     

Dioxin-like compounds in agricultural soils near e-waste recycling sites from Taizhou area, China: chemical and bioanalytical characterization

The crude recycling of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) is now creating a new set of environmental problems especially in developing countries such as China. The present study aimed to characterize the dioxin-like compounds in Taizhou area, one of the largest e-waste recycling centers in China, using both chemical analysis and in vitro bioassay. Agricultural soil samples were screened for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity with EROD bioassay in H4IIE cells, and the concentrations of the target AhR agonists including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by instruments. The bioassay-derived TCDD equivalents (TEQ(bio)) and the chemical-calculated TCDD equivalents (TEQ(cal)) were then compared, and mass balance analysis was conducted to identify the contributors of the observed response. Raw soil extracts from all locations induced significant AhR activities, where the TEQ(bio) ranged from 5.3 to 210 pg/g dry weight soil (pg/g dw). The total concentrations of 17 PCDD/Fs, 36 PCBs and 16 PAHs varied from 210 to 850 pg/g dw, 11 to 100 ng/g dw, and 330 to 20,000 ng/g dw, respectively. Profile characterization of the target analytes revealed that there were similar sources originating from the crude dismantling of electric power equipments and the open burning of e-waste. There was a significant relationship between TEQ(cal) and TEQ(bio) (r=0.99, p<0.05). Based on the mass balance analysis, PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PAHs could account for the observed AhR responses in vitro elicited by soil extracts, though their respective contributions varied depending on sample location. In this study, the combination of chemical analysis and bioanalytical measurements proved valuable for screening, identifying and prioritizing the causative agents within complex environmental matrices.     

The predictive power of the elimination of dioxin-like pollutants from pigs: an in vivo study

Pigs accidentally given feed contaminated by dioxin-like pollutants are a serious public health issue. We have examined whether pigs with limited exposure during early periods of fattening would be categorized as non-compliant with the EU limit at slaughtering when growth-dilution, excretion and metabolism effects are considered. Sixteen female and sixteen castrated male weaned pigs were divided into four groups (e.g. DG0, DG1, DG2 and DG3) in week 2 after birth. From weeks 3 to 13, groups DG1, DG2, and DG3 pigs were fed with a polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture at dosages of 1, 10 and 100 ng-toxic equivalent (TEQ) per kg dry mass feed in capsules, respectively. From weeks 13 to 23, the animals were nourished with clear feed. Control group DG0 was always fed with clear feed. Subcutaneous fat samples were collected at weeks 13, 18 and 23 by biopsies. The pollutant residues were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and quantified by a ¹³C-isotope dilution method. The results showed the following: (1) when slaughtered at week 23, the TEQ for DG1 pigs (0.66 ± 0.21 pg/g fat) was under the EU limit of 1 pg PCDD/F-TEQ/g fat; (2) PCDD/F congener-specific first-order elimination rates were linearly correlated with their toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs), and the rates were significantly dose-dependent for the more toxic congeners (TEF ≥ 0.1). Therefore, the pigs' exposure above the EU limit during the early fattening stage did not necessarily lead to their categorization as non-compliant pork; and the residual TEQ for pork can be predicted from early exposure concentrations based on the models established here.