南黄海6.1级地震电磁辐射异常分析

１９９６年１１月９日２１时５６分南黄海（北纬３１°５０′,东经１２３°０６′）发生了ＭＳ６１地震。本文分析了距震中２９０ｋｍ的江苏省大丰市地震台电磁辐射观测仪在地震前后的观测资料异常记录情况,提出了一些认识,并进行了讨论。     

A simple and inexpensive chemical test for behavioral ecologists to determine the presence of carotenoid pigments in animal tissues

Animals use several different types of pigments to acquire their colorful ornaments. Knowing the types of pigments that generate animal colors often provides valuable information about the costs of developing bright coloration as well as the benefits of using these signals in social or sexual contexts. It is often assumed that red, orange, and yellow colors in animals are derived from carotenoid pigments, when in fact there are other pigments that confer similar colors on animals. These include the pteridine pigments in a wide range of organisms, hemoglobin in blood-filled sinuses, the psittacofulvins of parrot feathers, and the phaeomelanin pigments in rufous or yellow feathers and fur. In this paper, we describe a quick and easy, two-step chemical method for field biologists to determine if their study species uses carotenoid pigments as integumentary colorants. This laboratory procedure first employs a thermochemical extraction technique, in which acidified pyridine is used under high temperature to free carotenoid pigments from tissue to produce a colorful, pigmented solution. Red, orange, or yellow tissues containing pteridines, hemoglobin, or eumelanins do not release colored pigments into heated pyridine. However, psittacofulvins, and occasionally phaeomelanins, will also solubilize using this method. Thus, a follow-up test is needed, using solvent transfer, to confirm the presence of carotenoids in animal tissues. The use of absorbance spectrophotometry on the colorful solution may also provide information about the predominant carotenoids that bestow color on your study animal.     

有机锡化合物对水生无脊椎动物的毒性研究

通过不同层次水生无脊椎动物的毒理学研究，能更好地反映有机化合物的生态效应，以氯化三丁基锡（ＴＢＴＣｌ）为例，结果表明，ＴＢＴＣｌ对原生动物等５种水生无脊椎动物的半致死浓度（ＬＣ５０）为２５．６５－３５５．６３ｐｐｂ，有明显的种特异性，ＴＢＴＣｌ对河口轮虫种群净生殖率ＥＣ５０为１０ｐｐｂ，影响平均寿命ＥＣ５０为２２ｐｐｂ，根据浓度Ｃ及原生动物平衡种类数Ｓｅｑ进行回归，得方程Ｓｅｑ＝１１．８７－１．８     

高效液相色谱法分析水中痕量多环芳烃

本文利用高效液相色谱法测定水中痕量多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）。以二氯甲烷作溶剂,超声提取水中痕量ＰＡＨｓ;甲醇、水作流动相,梯度淋洗,用程序可变波长荧光检测器测定。ＰＨＡｓ浓度为０．００７＝０．６μｇ·ｍｌ＾－１范围时,线性相关系数均在０．９９９９以上;峰高、峰面积的相对标准偏差（ｎ＝１０）分别为１．０１－１．８５％,２．００－３．９４％;检测限（Ｓ／Ｎ＝２）为３．１－２３．０ｐｇ;实际水样的加标回收率     

利用人工神经网络研究含硫芳香族化合物结构与毒性的关系

本文采用简单的化学基团描述符，运用人工神经网络研究了含硫芳香族化合物对发光菌的性构效关系，并与多元线性回归相比较，结果显示了人工神经网络处理非线性问题的优越性。     

Field studies on 32P movement and P leaching from flooded paddy soils in the region of Taihu Lake, China

Field experiments were done in two sites, Yixing and Changshu, Jiangsu province, China, to study P movement and leaching in flooded paddy soils. P movement in soil was investigated by using the KH2 32PO4 tracker method, and the amount of P leached from the soil layer in different depths was estimated by measuring P concentrations in the soil solution and saturated hydraulic conductivities in field. Determination was done about one month after P application. There was 46% and 42% of total 32P retained in the 0-5cm layer of soil in the Yixing site and in the Changshu site respectively. The 32P retained in the 25-30 cm layer was only about 1-2% of the total 32P added. Furthermore, 8.01% of 32P in the soil of Yixing site and 16.8% of 32P in the soil of Changshu site was lost from the layer 0-30 cm soil. The seasonal amounts of P leached from the top soil layer and from bottom layer are about 4.5-5.8% and 1.6-2.1% of the total P application, respectively. Changes of total P concentrations in soil solutions during rice growth showed that the fertilizer P applied before flooding of the paddy fields suffered a flash leaching loss and a slow leaching loss. We concluded that the fertilizer P could quickly move in the flooded paddy rice field and parts of it can enter into surface water and ground water. Unless the P application is well managed the risk of P loss and consequently environmental pollution exist.     

Estimating the benefits of recreation under conditions of congestion congestion

In a recent issue of J. Environ. Econ. Manag. Wetzel showed that the standard travel cost technique will understate recreation benefits under congested conditions because changes in entry fee lead to lowered congestion levels. This comment indicates that benefit projections derived from the travel cost procedure may theoretically overstate the true value of recreation if rising income levels shift the demand curve upwards but fail to account for the contrary effect of increased congestion. The magnitude and direction of the bias that results from omission of a congestion variable is, however, indeterminate when standard econometric techniques are used to develop benefit projections.     

Pollution survey of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water of Hangzhou, China

The concentrations of 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were simultaneously measured for five times (July and November 1999–2002) in four water bodies of Hangzhou, China. To investigate possible sources of PAH contamination, sediments, soils, runoff water and atmospheric particles of the region were also analyzed for their PAH contents. The maximum levels of PAHs in the water bodies (34.4–67.7 μg/l) were found in July, while significantly lower PAH concentrations (4.7–15.3 μg/l) were measured in November. The contamination is substantial and it may have resulted in acute toxic effects on aquatic organisms. The measured PAH concentrations in sediments and soils (224–4222 ng/g), runoff water (8.3 μg/l) and air particles (2.3 μg/m³) are discussed in relation to concentrations and patterns found in the surface water bodies. Comparison of PAH levels in sediments and soils led to the conclusion that the erosion of soil material does not contribute significantly to the contamination of sediments. The atmospheric PAH deposition to water bodies in the city area of Hangzhou was estimated to be 530 tons/a, while the contribution of surface runoff water was estimated to be 30.7 tons/a. The ratios of selected PAH were then used to illuminate the possible origin of PAHs in the examined samples (petrogenic, pyrogenic).     

Acclimation of anaerobic sludge degrading chlorophenols and the biodegradation kinetics during acclimation period

The acclimation of sludge from Hangzhou citrate factory and Hangzhou municipal wastewater treatment plant for degradation dechlorination of chlorophenols (CPs) compounds, and its biodegradation kinetics were studied in batch process with or without addition of sucrose. Three monochlorophenols (2-CP; 3-CP; 4-CP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were concurrently fed to different bioreactors. The parameters that were monitored included biogas production, biogas composition and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results showed that acclimation with chlorophenol can increase the degradation activity of anaerobic sludge and degradation rate of chlorophenolic compounds, and reduce the lag time. Degradation dechlorination activity of the acclimated sludge strongly depended on sludge source, microorganism population and chlorophenol congener. 2-CP was more easily acclimated than 3-CP and 4-CP. Among the four tested compounds, 4-CP was the most difficult to be acclimated. The observed degradation rate with presence of sucrose was higher than that with absence of sucrose, suggesting that addition of the external carbon source can stimulate the formation of acclimated sludge which could effectively degrade chlorophenols. Kinetic equations of biodegradation of chlorophenols were also presented in this paper.     

粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯塑料裂解的影响研究

研究了粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯塑料裂解的影响,讨论了加入量对裂解速度和裂解产物的影响.结果表明:粉煤灰和电石渣都使裂解产物中的轻质部分(汽油和裂解气)增加、重油降低;粉煤灰比电石渣更能加快反应的进行,而且加入量越多,反应越快,需时越短;粉煤灰比电石渣对聚丙烯塑料的裂解具有明显的催化促进效果.