高盐矿区苦成水处理技术研究

针对新疆罗布泊钾盐矿区苦咸水高浊、高盐度和高硬度的水质特性,采用管道混凝＋多介质过滤＋精密过滤＋反渗透除盐的工艺进行处理。处理结果表明,该工艺对高浊、高盐度和高硬度苦咸水中的悬浮物、浊度和TDS均有良好的处理效果,矿区苦咸水经处理后TDS从8000mg／L降为30mg／L,二氧化硅增量小于20μg／L,处理后水质满足电厂发电机组补水要求,为严重缺水矿区高含盐劣质水利用提供了技术参考。     

同步脱氮除硫工艺基质及产物对发光细菌的急性毒性

为了研究同步脱氮除硫工艺基质及产物对同步脱氮除硫过程的影响,采用发光细菌法测定了该工艺基质及产物的急性毒性.试验结果表明,硫化物、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的15min-半抑制浓度(即IC50)分别为78.1、12077.8、254.5、3852.1、1066.3mg·L-1.按照等效浓度混合法测定,各基质及产物的联合毒性为:硫化物与硫酸盐、硫化物与硝酸盐、硫化物与亚硫酸盐均呈加成作用;硫化物与亚硝酸盐呈协同作用;硫化物、硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐5元混合体系呈加成作用.     

Laboratory culture of the freshwater benthic gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa （Reeve） and its utility as a test species for sediment toxicity

This study aimed to develop original laboratory culture and sediment toxicity testing protocols for the freshwater gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa(Reeve),a new potential species for sediment toxicity testing.B.aeruginosa was successfully cultured with an effective culture system under proposed laboratory conditions.Optimal ad libitum feeding levels for larvae,juveniles,and adults were 2.0,6.0,and 16.0 mg fish food/(snail·day),respectively.Mean survival rates of juveniles were higher than 90%.The snails could be sexed at 9 weeks of age,and their generation time is approximately 4 months.Reproduction continued all year around;the mean fecundity was 0.55 newborn/(female·day).The utility of this species for bioassays was evaluated in both 10-day and 28-day case studies with artificial sediments.The 10-day LC50 of Cu for larvae was 480 μg/g dry weight(dw),and the lowest observed effects concentration of Cu for survival and growth of larvae was 195 μg/g dw.Survival and growth are reliable indicators of acute toxicity.Larvae accumulated more Cu than adults.B.aeruginosa exhibited a higher sensitivity to Cu exposure than standard test species(Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans).The 28-day test of sediment toxicity with adults showed that fecundity was a robust endpoint indicator of reproductive toxicity,and the biochemical endpoints of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione could be used as sensitive biomarkers for Cu-induced oxidative damage.B.aeruginosa can be therefore recommended as a candidate for the standardization of the freshwater sediment toxicity test protocol.     

基于建筑材料物化环境影响的建筑结构形式选择

不同结构形式的建筑在环境影响方面存在差异。对砖混结构和框架结构的两种不同形式的建筑物,因使用建筑材料而造成的环境影响差异,依据建筑材料生命周期环境影响评价模型进行了定量分析。结果表明:从建筑物使用的建筑材料造成的环境影响角度分析,多层砖混结构单位建筑面积的资源耗竭系数为0.045、环境影响负荷为5.87;多层框架结构则分别为0.071、10.49。     

大型浮顶储罐浮盘密封圈雷击起火事故分析

通过对近年来连续发生的大型浮顶储罐浮盘密封圈雷击起火原因分析,找出了浮顶储罐浮盘密封存在的安全问题,探讨了浮盘密封形式与储罐雷击起火事故的关系,并提出对策措施.     

施工现场临时用电管理

据统计,全国施工现场临时用电发生触电死亡事故占事故总数8%左右,仅上海市2003年施工现场临时用电发生触电死亡事故就占事故总数的15.4%,触电事故已是建设工程发生事故的主要因素之一.……     

重大危险源辨识标准修订的探讨

20世纪 70年代以来 ,重大工业事故不断发生,给人们正常的生产、生活造成巨大的威胁和伤害,从而引起国际社会的广泛重视 ,预防重大工业事故成为各国社会、经济和技术发展的重点研究对象之一.     

甘肃省农村环境安全现况分析

通过分析影响甘肃省农村环境安全的主要因素,提出了改善甘肃省农村环境安全状况的措施和建议。采用"压力-状态-响应"模型,构建了甘肃省农村环境安全评价指标体系。运用层次分析法及环境安全综合评价指数对2003-2008年甘肃省农村环境安全状况进行评价。评价结果显示甘肃省环境安全状态处于第Ⅱ级,属中警状态(风险状态)。趋势分析结果表明近几年甘肃省农村环境安全总体上呈现缓慢好转,但安全形势依然相当严峻。     

Strategies to improve aerobic granular sludge stability and nitrogen removal based on feeding mode and substrate

A systemic strategy was proposed to improve aerobic granular sludge(AGS)stability and nitrogen(N)removal efficiency by optimizing feeding mode and substrate aiming at complicated wastewater characteristics.Key functional groups at the genus level identified by high-throughput sequencing were evaluated as well.The results showed that anaerobic feeding mode and acetate promoted the compact AGS formation with excellent total nitrogen(TN)removal efficiency(averaging 91.7%±4.1%)at various dissolved oxygen conditions.While the aerobic feeding mode led to a loose AGS structure with a vulnerable anaerobic core and poor TN removal efficiency(averaging58.8%±7.4%).Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process played the dominant role in N removal in compact AGS over the alternating nitrification and denitrification process.High-concentration glucose undermined feast-famine condition with filamentous bacteria growth out of granule and decreased TN removal efficiency to 67.3%±15.2%.Lower food to microorganism ratio may result in a lower N removal rate attributed to the sharply increased biomass concentration fed by glucose.Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,and denitrifying phosphorus accumulation organisms enriched during AGS granulation also contributed to the efficient N removal.The proposed strategy provided insights into the relationship between various factors and stable AGS formation,and systemic operation methods for various complicated wastewater treatment.     

Process analysis of PM2.5 pollution events in a coastal city of China using CMAQ

US EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system(CMAQ) with Process Analysis tool was used to simulate and quantify the contribution of individual atmospheric processes to PM_(2.5) concentration in Qingdao during three representative PM_(2.5) pollution events in the winter of 2015 and 2016. Compared with the observed surface PM_(2.5) concentrations, CMAQ could reasonably reproduce the temporal and spatial variations of PM_(2.5) during these three events. Process analysis results show that primary emissions accounted for 72.7%–93.2% of the accumulation of surface PM_(2.5) before and after the events.When the events occurred, primary emissions were still the major contributor to the increase of PM_(2.5) in Qingdao, however the contribution percentage reduced significantly,which only account for 51.4%–71.8%. Net contribution from horizontal and vertical transport to the accumulation of PM_(2.5) was also positive and its percentage increased when events occurred. Only 1.1%–4.6% of aerosol accumulation was due to PM processes and aqueous chemical processes before and after events. When the events occurred,contribution from PM processes and aqueous chemistry increased to 6.0%–11.8%. Loss of PM_(2.5) was mainly through horizontal transport, vertical transport and dry deposition, no matter during or outside the events. Wet deposition would become the main removal pathway of PM_(2.5), when precipitation occurred.