从重复重力测量资料中用场论方法提取孕震信息的探讨

根据重力场非潮汐变化的波长特征讨论了由重复重力测量结果中提取地震前兆场信息的可能性。文中提出并应用场论理论中重力梯度场变化的二维散度可突出与地震有比较直接关系的孕震信息。通过对北祁连河西地区几次强震的分析研究，认为重力散度较好地反映了地震发生前震源区的孕震特征，是一种值得进一步研究的方法。     

Relationships between distributions of longevous population and trace elements in the agricultural ecosystem of Rugao County,Jiangsu, China

Soil, plant, and water, as well as trace elements they contain, can influence human health through the food chain. A survey was conducted on distributions of trace elements in soils, plants, and drinking water in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province, China, an agricultural area with a high level of centenarians and nonagenarians. The ratio of people over 90 years old per 100,000 inhabitants (90-rate) based on village (about 4,000 residents in 4 km²) was correlated with trace elements in soil, drinking water, and rice by means of correlation analysis and/or principal component analysis. Although the average 90-rate in the whole area was as high as 277, the rates were not uniform across the entire region. The 90-rate in the area of loamy and strongly-developed Anthrosols and Cambosols was about 330, significantly higher than the 255 in the areas of sandy and strongly-developed Cambosols and of clayey and weakly-developed Cambosols. The concentrations of available Se, B, Ni, and Mo in soils of the area with the high 90-rate were markedly greater than those in the area with the low 90-rate. This was demonstrated by highly positive correlations between the 90-rate and available Se (r = 0.33), B (r = 0.21), Ni (r = 0.17) and Mo (r = 0.17) at the p < 0.01 level and high loadings of available Se (0.851), B (0.535), Ni (0.594) and Mo (0.394) in the longevous factor. Similar relationships between the available elements in soils and elements in water and rice were found. These results suggest that: (1) the available forms of elements in soil were more crucial to elemental bio-availability in the ecosystem and human health than total elements in soil; and (2) the element association above might have affected the 90-rate positively and could be an important environmental geochemical factor influencing the longevity of humans.     

基于建筑材料物化环境影响的建筑结构形式选择

不同结构形式的建筑在环境影响方面存在差异。对砖混结构和框架结构的两种不同形式的建筑物,因使用建筑材料而造成的环境影响差异,依据建筑材料生命周期环境影响评价模型进行了定量分析。结果表明:从建筑物使用的建筑材料造成的环境影响角度分析,多层砖混结构单位建筑面积的资源耗竭系数为0.045、环境影响负荷为5.87;多层框架结构则分别为0.071、10.49。     

浅谈石化行业脱硝技术的现状及发展

介绍了氮氧化物的危害,石化行业氮氧化物的产生机理和特点,我国现阶段石化行业氮氧化物主要来源,包括FCC再生烟气、装置加热炉烟气、酸性气回收装置废气。阐述了不同类型烟气中氮氧化物产生、治理措施、排放现状以及氮氧化物排放限制标准,并对将来石化行业脱硝技术的应用进行了探讨和展望。     

The governance of integrated ecosystem management in ecological function conservation areas in China

The relationship between ecological and socioeconomic systems in ecological function conservation areas (EFCAs) in China is analyzed from a governance perspective. Lashihai watershed in China’s southwestern Yunnan Province was chosen as a case study area, where leaders of 81 villager groups were interviewed through questionnaire surveys and anecdotal evidence was collected from focus group discussions. Our study found that the rehabilitated ecosystems in Lashihai, arising from conservation actions, provided the local communities with increasing natural capital to pursue horseback tourism as an important means of livelihood. Also, bonding social capital, together with unique cultural and ethnic assets, may have been instrumental in the formation of horseback tourism teams in some villager groups. However, the lack of higher-level government involvement and coordination among horseback tourism teams appeared to have led to a situation, where the rapidly developing tourism teams have started to impose threats on the wetland ecosystem. While highlighting some limitations of self-governance in adapting to complex and fast-changing socioeconomic conditions, the study called for the potential importance of fostering adaptive co-management to help modify the emerging undesired interconnectedness in social-ecological systems in Lashihai. For the future’s successful governance of integrated ecosystem management in EFCAs in China, the study also made brief discussion on some key elements of the adaptive co-management.     

微生物絮凝剂絮凝特性的研究

考察了微生物絮凝剂产生菌Bacillus sp.B-2发酵生产絮凝剂的絮凝特性。研究表明,该菌在生长过程中产生絮凝剂并将其分泌到细胞外,每升发酵液可制得絮凝剂粗品1．7g,絮凝活性最高达97％以上,絮凝效能优于目前市售化学絮凝剂。该絮凝剂凝聚絮凝高岭土悬浊液最适宜的pH值在大于7的偏碱性条件,Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,Mn^2 ,Al^3 等二价、三价金属离子对其絮凝具有促进作用,且随着Ca^2 浓度的增加,促进作用加强。     

化学修饰在生物吸附中的应用

化学修饰技术可以掩蔽细胞壁上一些基团,从而使吸附量改变,利用该技术可以探讨生物吸附法去除金属离子的机理。化学修饰在环境污染治理方面有广阔的应用前景。     

单边界、双边界二分式条件价值评估方法的比较——以北京市空气污染对健康危害问卷调查为例

 以北京市空气污染健康危害经济评价为例,采用目前国际上推荐的条件价值评估最适合的二分式问卷格式,探索条件价值评估最大支付意愿引导技术在我国应用的适用性.结果表明,单边界问卷格式和双边界问卷格式估计平均最大支付意愿分别为739.57,652.33元/年,两问卷格式估计平均最大支付意愿的95%置信区间分别为656.49～845.34,604.04～707.01元/年.双边界问卷格式与单边界问卷格式相比能够获得被调查者支付意愿的更多信息,从而缩小估计的置信区间,提高最大支付意愿的估计精度.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals (HMs) as well as their genotoxicity in soil after long-term wastewater irrigation

A study was carried out on the residue level of major concern pollutants (PAHs, PCBs and HMs) and the assessment of their genotoxicity in soils obtained from Shenyang, northeast of China which had been subjected to wastewater irrigation for more than 40 years. Topsoils (0-20cm) in paddy fields were sampled along the upper, middle and lower reaches of the wastewater disposal channel. Sixteen USEPA PAHs were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector, eight PCBs were detected by Gas Chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector, and six heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr) were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The genotoxicity effect of soils was examined by Vicia faba micronucleus (MN) test. Archived soils that had undergone a similar history of wastewater irrigation provided by Technical University of Berlin, Germany were subjected to analysis of the above pollutants and Vicia faba/MN test for comparison. Results indicated elevated residues of the studied pollutants (PAHs, especially benzo (a) pyrene, the eight PCB congeners and heavy metals) in both tested and archived soils. The MN frequencies were 2.2-48.4 times higher compared with the control. However, there was no correlation between the MN frequencies and the concentration of pollutants detected. This investigation suggested a potential ecological risk even with a lower level of residual pollutants in soil matrix after long-term wastewater irrigation.     

Role of the rhizosphere of a flooding-tolerant herb in promoting mercury methylation in water-level fluctuation zones

The water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) has been considered as a hotspot for mercury (Hg) methylation. Flooding-tolerant herbs are gradually acclimated to this water-land ecotone, tending to form substantial root systems for improving erosion resistance. Accompanying rhizosphere microzone plays crucial but unclear roles in methylmercury (MeHg) formation in the WLFZ. Thus, we conducted this study in the WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir, to explore effects of the rhizosphere of a dominant flooding-tolerant herb (bermudagrass) on MeHg production. The elevated Hg and MeHg in rhizosphere soils suggest that the rhizosphere environment provides favorable conditions for Hg accumulation and methylation. The increased bioavailable Hg and microbial activity in the rhizosphere probably serve as important factors driving MeHg formation in the presence of bermudagrass. Simultaneously, the rhizosphere environments changed the richness, diversity, and distribution of hgcA-containing microorganisms. Here, a typical iron-reducing bacterium (Geobacteraceae) has been screened, however, the majority of hgcA genes detected in rhizosphere, near-, and non-rhizosphere soils of the WLFZ were unclassified. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the elevated MeHg production as related to microbial processes in the rhizosphere of perennial herbs in the WLFZ, with general implications for Hg cycling in other ecosystems with water-level fluctuations.