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11.
Hazel A. Jackson Lawrence Percival-Alwyn Camilla Ryan Mohammed F. Albeshr Luca Venturi Hernán E. Morales Thomas C. Mathers Jonathan Cocker Samuel A. Speak Gonzalo G. Accinelli Tom Barker Darren Heavens Faye Willman Deborah Dawson Lauren Ward Vikash Tatayah Nicholas Zuël Richard Young Lianne Concannon Harriet Whitford Bernardo Clavijo Nancy Bunbury Kevin M. Tyler Kevin Ruhomaun Molly K. Grace Michael W. Bruford Carl G. Jones Simon Tollington Diana J. Bell Jim J. Groombridge Matt Clark Cock Van Oosterhout 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13918
The pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri) is an endemic species of Mauritius that has made a remarkable recovery after a severe population bottleneck in the 1970s to early 1990s. Prior to this bottleneck, an ex situ population was established from which captive-bred individuals were released into free-living subpopulations to increase population size and genetic variation. This conservation rescue led to rapid population recovery to 400–480 individuals, and the species was twice downlisted on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. We analyzed the impacts of the bottleneck and genetic rescue on neutral genetic variation during and after population recovery (1993–2008) with restriction site-associated sequencing, microsatellite analyses, and quantitative genetic analysis of studbook data of 1112 birds from zoos in Europe and the United States. We used computer simulations to study the predicted changes in genetic variation and population viability from the past into the future. Genetic variation declined rapidly, despite the population rebound, and the effective population size was approximately an order of magnitude smaller than census size. The species carried a high genetic load of circa 15 lethal equivalents for longevity. Our computer simulations predicted continued inbreeding will likely result in increased expression of deleterious mutations (i.e., a high realized load) and severe inbreeding depression. Without continued conservation actions, it is likely that the pink pigeon will go extinct in the wild within 100 years. Conservation rescue of the pink pigeon has been instrumental in the recovery of the free-living population. However, further genetic rescue with captive-bred birds from zoos is required to recover lost variation, reduce expression of harmful deleterious variation, and prevent extinction. The use of genomics and modeling data can inform IUCN assessments of the viability and extinction risk of species, and it helps in assessments of the conservation dependency of populations. 相似文献
12.
Eric Jauniaux Sanjay Vyas Caroline Finlayson Gonzalo Moscoso Marie Driver Stuart Campbell 《黑龙江环境通报》1990,10(2):127-132
Ultrasonographic features of a fetus at 18 weeks of gestation suggesting a body stalk anomaly are presented. These included a large abdominal anterior wall defect in apparent continuity with the placenta, severe kyphoscoliosis of the lower spine, the absence of one kidney, and a very short umbilical cord with only one umbilical artery. The amniotic fluid was reduced and the fetus was almost immobile at short-interval ultrasound examinations. The pregnancy was terminated and autopsy of the fetus showed abnormalities compatible with maldevelopment of both cephalic and caudal embryonic folds. 相似文献
13.
Lead and cadmium levels of some species of brown-algae (Phaeophyta) from the mesolittoral (intertidal area) of the Island of Tenerife (central-eastern Atlantic) were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The quality control was carried out using a standard "CRM 279 Ulva lactuca".The mean, minimum and maximum concentrations were 11.21, 2.090 and 81.795 microg/g/dw; and 1.13, 0.190 and 5.130 microg/g/dw for lead and cadmium, respectively. The fact that samples registering the highest cadmium concentrations were the same as those which showed the highest lead level corresponding to a sampling station nearby an urban water outlet could be relevant. 相似文献
14.
Carlisle in northwest England suffered its worse floods for more than 180 years in 2005. A study, reported here, was undertaken to assess the health and social impacts of these floods via in‐depth, taped individual and focus‐group interviews with people whose homes had been flooded and with agency workers who helped them. Respondents spoke of physical health ailments, psychological stress, water health‐and‐safety issues related to the floods, and disputes with insurance and construction companies, which they felt had caused and exacerbated psychological health problems. Support workers also suffered from psychological stress. Furthermore, it was found that people had low expectations of a flood and were not prepared. The findings are presented in five sections covering flood risk awareness, water contamination issues, physical health, mental health, and impact on frontline support workers. The discussion focuses on the implications of the findings for policy and practice vis‐à‐vis psychological health provision, contamination issues, training and support for frontline support workers, matters relating to restoration, and preparation for flooding. 相似文献
15.
Blanca M. Dominguez-Martinez Hector E. Martínez-Flores Jose De J. Berrios Caio G. Otoni Delilah F. Wood Gonzalo Velazquez 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2017,25(3):683-691
This study aimed to develop and characterize biodegradable films containing mucilage, chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in different concentrations. The films were prepared by casting on glass plates using glycerol as plasticizer. Mechanical properties, water vapor and oxygen barrier, as well as the interaction with water, were measured. The compatibility of the film-forming components and the uniformity of the films were determined by zeta potential and SEM, respectively. The glycerol and mucilage allowed obtaining more hydrophilic films. The barrier properties of the films made from 100 % chitosan were similar to composed films containing PVA up to 40 %. The results of this study suggest that the interaction between chitosan and mucilage could increase water vapor permeability. The films prepared from either 100 % chitosan or PVA showed a more hydrophobic behavior as compared to the composed films. The films were homogenous since no boundary or separation of components was observed, indicating a good compatibility of the components in the films. 相似文献
16.
Duarte-Guardia Sandra Peri Pablo L. Amelung Wulf Sheil Douglas Laffan Shawn W. Borchard Nils Bird Michael I. Dieleman Wouter Pepper David A. Zutta Brian Jobbagy Esteban Silva Lucas C. R. Bonser Stephen P. Berhongaray Gonzalo Piñeiro Gervasio Martinez Maria-Jose Cowie Annette L. Ladd Brenton 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2019,24(3):355-372
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Soils hold the largest pool of organic carbon (C) on Earth; yet, soil organic carbon (SOC) reservoirs are not well represented in climate... 相似文献
17.
Long-distance migration is a major part of the life cycle of many seabirds. The main processes driving local movements within
those long-distance migratory movements are essentially unknown. Here, we studied detailed patterns of the movements with
respect to distance from land of the most abundant seabird species migrating across the northernmost part of the Strait of
Gibraltar and analysed how ocean surface winds influence those patterns. We did this by using visual and S-band radar surveys.
Our results show that seabirds followed lines of travel that were located nearer the coast than randomly expected. Re-sampling
techniques and comparison with additional data from ship-based counts corroborated this pattern, which was not substantially
affected by the decrease in detection at distances of up to 3,000 m. Wind direction and speed covaried with local patterns
of flight trajectories in a general manner. All the seabirds responded to headwinds by approaching the coast in proportion
to the magnitude of wind intensity. Such a change in flight patterns could be a strategy to reduce the effect of headwinds,
by approaching the coast where wind intensity was reduced by orographic factors. Under tailwind conditions, seabirds tended
to fly further from the coast, profiting from increasing winds further from shore. Our results imply that modification of
off-shore distance in relation to conditions of ocean surface winds may be an energetically advantageous strategy for migrating
seabirds. Off-shore distances were also dependent on global and local migratory behaviour of different species, but not on
flight type. 相似文献
18.
Alvaro Galan Alejandro Orfila Gonzalo Simarro Ismael Hernández-Carrasco Cristobal Lopez 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2012,12(3):291-300
We study the horizontal surface mixing and the transport induced by waves in a coastal environment. A comparative study is addressed by computing the Lagrangian coherent structures, via Finite Size Lyapunov Exponents, that arise in two different numerical settings: with and without wave coupled to currents. In general, we observe that mixing is increased in the area due to waves. Besides, the methodology presented here is tested by deploying a set of eight Lagrangian drifters at different locations. This dynamical approach is shown as a valuable tool to extract information about transport, mixing and residence embedded in the Eulerian time dependent velocity fields obtained from numerical models. 相似文献
19.
In aquatic environments, many prey rely on chemosensory information from injured (alarm cues) or stressed conspecifics (disturbance
cues) to assess predation risk. Alarm cues are considered as a sign of higher risk than disturbance cues. These cues could
be used by prey to learn potential new predators. In this study, we tested whether Iberian green frog tadpoles (Pelophylax perezi) exhibited antipredator responses to alarm and disturbance cues of conspecifics and whether tadpoles could associate new
predators with alarm or disturbance cues. Tadpoles reduced their activity in the presence of disturbance cues, but only weakly
when compared with their response to alarm cues. Also, tadpoles learned to recognize new predators from association with alarm
or disturbance cues. However, the period of retention of the learned association was shorter for disturbance than alarm cues.
Our results indicate that tadpoles are able to modify their antipredatory behavior according to (1) the degree of risk implied
by the experimental cues (2) their previous experience of chemical cues of the predator. 相似文献
20.
García-Esquinas E Pérez-Gómez B Fernández MA Pérez-Meixeira AM Gil E de Paz C Iriso A Sanz JC Astray J Cisneros M de Santos A Asensio A García-Sagredo JM García JF Vioque J Pollán M López-Abente G González MJ Martínez M Bohigas PA Pastor R Aragonés N 《Chemosphere》2011,85(2):268-276