全文获取类型
收费全文 | 753篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
国内免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 29篇 |
废物处理 | 31篇 |
环保管理 | 184篇 |
综合类 | 87篇 |
基础理论 | 187篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 171篇 |
评价与监测 | 55篇 |
社会与环境 | 19篇 |
灾害及防治 | 12篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 72篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 42篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 30篇 |
2008年 | 52篇 |
2007年 | 48篇 |
2006年 | 34篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有776条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
121.
Monica A. Sundset Perry S. Barboza Thomas K. Green Lars P. Folkow Arnoldus Schytte Blix Svein D. Mathiesen 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(3):273-278
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) eat and utilize lichens as an important source of energy and nutrients in winter. Lichens synthesize and accumulate a wide
variety of phenolic secondary compounds, such as usnic acid, as a defense against herbivores and to protect against damage
by UV-light in solar radiation. We have examined where and to what extent these phenolic compounds are degraded in the digestive
tract of the reindeer, with particular focus on usnic acid. Three male reindeer were given ad libitum access to a control
diet containing no usnic acid for three weeks and then fed lichens ad libitum (primarily Cladonia stellaris) containing 9.1 mg/g DM usnic acid for 4 weeks. Usnic acid intake in reindeer on the lichen diet was 91–117 mg/kg BM/day.
In spite of this, no trace of usnic acid or conjugates of usnic acid was found either in fresh rumen fluid, urine, or feces.
This suggests that usnic acid is rapidly degraded by rumen microbes, and that it consequently is not absorbed by the animal.
This apparent ability to detoxify lichen phenolic compounds may gain increased importance with future enhanced UV-B radiation
expected to cause increased protective usnic acid/phenol production in lichens. 相似文献
122.
David I.S. Green Samuel M. McDeid William G. Crumpton 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(3):543-558
We present estimates of the volumetric storage capacities of currently drained upland depressions and catchment depressional specific storage and runoff storage indices for the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa (DML‐IA) subregion of the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. Storage capacities were determined using hydrologically enforced Light Detection and Ranging‐derived digital elevation models, and a unique geoprocessing algorithm. Depressional specific storage was estimated for each 12‐digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC12) watershed in the region from total catchment‐specific depressional storage volume and catchment area. Runoff storage indices were calculated using catchment depressional specific storage values and estimates of the amount of rainfall likely to fall within each watershed during sub‐annual and 1‐, 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year 24‐h events. The 173,171 identified drained depressions in the DML‐IA can store up to 903.5 Mm3 of runoff. Most of this capacity is in depressions located in the north of the region. Specific storage varies from nearly 109 mm in the younger landscapes to <10 mm in older more eroded areas. For 95% of the HUC12 watersheds comprising the region, depressional storage will likely be exhausted by rainfall‐derived runoff in excess of a 1‐year 24‐h event. Rainfall amounts greater than a 5‐year 24‐h event will exceed all available depressional storage. Therefore, the capacity of drained depressions in the DML‐IA to mitigate flooding resulting from infrequent, but large, storm events is limited. 相似文献
123.
A novel technology of two-step fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis(f MAP) of corn stover for bio-oil production was investigated in the presence of microwave absorbent(Si C) and HZSM-5catalyst. Effects of f MAP temperature and catalyst-to-biomass ratio on bio-oil yield and chemical components were examined. The results showed that this technology, employing microwave, microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst, was effective and promising for biomass fast pyrolysis. The f MAP temperature of 500°C was considered the optimum condition for maximum yield and best quality of bio-oil. Besides, the bio-oil yield decreased linearly and the chemical components in bio-oil were improved sequentially with the increase of catalyst-to-biomass ratio from 1:100 to 1:20. The elemental compositions of bio-char were also determined. Additionally, compared to one-step f MAP process, two-step f MAP could promote the bio-oil quality with a smaller catalyst-to-biomass ratio. 相似文献
124.
Hua Shi Roger F. Auch James E. Vogelmann Min Feng Matthew Rigge Gabriel Senay James P. Verdin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(2):505-526
While there are currently a number of irrigated land datasets available for the western United States (U.S.), there is uncertainty regarding in how they relate to each other. To help understand the characteristics of available irrigated datasets, we compared (1) the Cropland Data Layer (CDL), (2) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Irrigated Agriculture Dataset (IAD), (3) Digitized Irrigated Land (DIL), and (4) Consumptive Use for Irrigation (CUI) data in Arizona and Colorado, U.S. These datasets were derived from multiple sources at various spatial resolutions and temporal scales. We found spatial and temporal trends among all of them. The datasets showed decreases in irrigated land area in Arizona during the 2000–2010 time period. The change ranges and ratios were similar in all Arizona datasets. Irrigated land in Colorado decreased in DIL and CUI but increased in IAD and CDL. The agreement within the same type of dataset during different time periods was from 60% to 80% (R2 from 0.35 to 0.72) in Arizona and from 50% to 80% (R2 from 0.23 to 0.68) in Colorado. DIL had the highest agreement (80%) in both states. The agreement among different datasets acquired at approximately the same time frame ranged from 51% to 63% (R2 from 0.14 to 0.31) in Arizona and from 47% to 69% (R2 from 0.32 to 0.40) in Colorado. The results from this study support a greater understanding of the multiresolution and multitemporal nature of these datasets for various applications. 相似文献
125.
Recent theory regarding the nature of organizational commitment suggests that viewing it as comprised of two dimensions, value commitment and continuance commitment, is of theoretical and practical value. This field study found the differential antecedents of these two commitment dimensions to be consistent with the March and Simon (1958) framework using the two-dimensional organizational commitment questionnaire from Mayer and Schoorman (1992). Organizational tenure, retirement benefits, education, and age were more highly correlated with continuance commitment, while felt participation, perceived prestige, job involvement, and role ambiguity were more highly correlated with value commitment. Analysis using LISREL 7 supported the pattern of relationships between the antecedents and the two commitment dimensions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
126.
127.
The exhaust emissions from two heavy duty diesel vehicles running on eight different fuel compositions were investigated regarding their content of high molecular weight (≥ C12) aliphatic/ olefinic hydrocarbons. It was concluded that the emitted amount of semi‐volatile associated aliphatic hydrocarbons (range C12‐C22) depend on the fuel used in the engines and that these emissions mainly consisted of uncombusted fuel components. It was also found that uncombusted engine lubrication oil was the main constituent of the emitted particulate associated aliphatic hydrocarbons (C17‐C40). These constituted between 58% and 95% of the total emissions of the high molecular weight aliphatic compounds. Emission factors for the total of high molecular aliphatic hydrocarbons (C12‐C40) were demonstrated to be in the range of 15–100 mg/km. Some individual aliphatic hydrocarbons with cocarcinogenic effects were identified and quantified in both particulate and semi‐volatile phases of the exhaust. Multivariate data analysis was used to investigate the relationship between fuel parameters and emission of semi‐volatile aliphatic emission. 相似文献
128.
Juliana M. Harding Michael A. Unger Roger Mann E. Alex Jestel Catherine Kilduff 《Marine Biology》2013,160(12):3027-3042
Imposex and decline in reproductive output in marine gastropods have been linked to tributyltin (TBT) exposure. This study describes Chesapeake Bay, USA, veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa imposex incidence and sex ratios from 1998 to 2009. Tissue TBT concentrations (ng g?1) were examined with respect to whelk sex, size, and water temperature at the time of collection, and also to egg case size, hatching success, and veliger diameter. Imposex incidence declined and population sex ratios moved closer to parity from 1998 to 2009. Observed TBT concentrations (ng g?1) were higher in James River than in Ocean View whelks with higher TBT concentrations observed in males than in females. Exponential declines in TBT concentrations from female-specific first to last clutches within a reproductive season were observed, indicating that whelks depurate TBT through egg case deposition. Egg capsule hatching success and veliger size were similar for female and imposex whelks. The R. venosa imposex levels observed in Chesapeake Bay apparently do not affect the production, release, or viability of larvae. 相似文献
129.
Vicki?L.?StokesEmail author Peter?B.?Banks Roger?P.?Pech 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(2):329-338
Residency status of individuals in populations may be an important determinant of the outcomes of interspecific competition
between native and introduced species. We examined direct behavioral interactions between two similarly sized rodents, the
alien Rattus rattus and native Rattus fuscipes when they were respective residents and intruders in a small enclosure. Resident individuals were dominant in their behaviors
toward intruders irrespective of the species that was resident. In contrast, interactive behaviors between conspecifics were
often neutral or amicable, supporting suggestions that R. rattus and R. fuscipes are social animals. We then tested whether rodent species use heterospecific odors to avoid aggressive competitive interactions
and partition space in the field. Neither R. fuscipes nor R. rattus responded to traps scented with the odors of male or female heterospecifics. If R. fuscipes does not recognize the odor of introduced R. rattus, then odors will not be cues to the presence or territorial space of competing heterospecifics. Rather, findings from both
enclosure and field trials suggest that direct aggressive interactions between individual R. rattus and R. fuscipes probably facilitate segregation of space between these two species in wild populations, where resident animals may typically
be the winners and exclude heterospecific intruders. These findings have implications for the invasion success of introduced
rodents such as R. rattus into intact forests, where native populations may have competitive advantage because of their residency status. 相似文献
130.
Rosamond?GodwinEmail author Ian?Brown Steven?Montgomery Stewart?Frusher Timothy?Green Jennifer?Ovenden 《Marine Biology》2012,159(1):77-86
Telomere length has been purported as a biomarker for age and could offer a non-lethal method for determining the age of wild-caught
individuals. Molluscs, including oysters and abalone, are the basis of important fisheries globally and have been problematic
to accurately age. To determine whether telomere length could provide an alternative means of ageing molluscs, we evaluated
the relationship between telomere length and age using the commercially important Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata). Telomere lengths were estimated from tissues of known age individuals from different age classes, locations and at different
sampling times. Telomere length tended to decrease with age only in young oysters less than 18 months old, but no decrease
was observed in older oysters aged 2–4 years. Regional and temporal differences in telomere attrition rates were also observed.
The relationship between telomere length and age was weak, however, with individuals of identical age varying significantly
in their telomere length making it an imprecise age biomarker in oysters. 相似文献