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381.
Biodegradation of polymeric materials affect a wide range of industries, information on degradability can provide fundamental information facilitating design and life-time analysis of materials. Among the methods currently used in testing, traditional gravimetric and respirometric techniques are tailored to readily degradable polymeric materials mostly and polymer blends with biodegradable components, but they are not applicable to the new generation of engineering polymers which are relatively resistant to biodegradation. However, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been tested for monitoring biodeterioration of high strength materials and the technique has very high sensitivity. A wide range of materials including electronic insulation polyimides, fiber-reinforced polymeric composites (FRPCs) and corrosion protective polyurethane coatings have been successfully measured under inoculation of degradative microorganisms using EIS. In addition, the mechanism of degradation of high strength polymers is mainly due to the presence of plasticizers in the polymer matrices. The information on various methods discussed in this review is intended to illustrate a suite of methods for those who are interested in testing biodeterioration of polymeric materials under different environmental conditions and in selecting appropriate techniques for specific applications. 相似文献
382.
383.
Leachate recirculation: moisture content assessment by means of a geophysical technique 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guérin R Munoz ML Aran C Laperrelle C Hidra M Drouart E Grellier S 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2004,24(8):785-794
Bioreactor technology is a waste treatment concept consisting in speeding up the biodegradation of landfilled waste by optimizing its moisture content through leachate recirculation. The measurement of variations in waste moisture content is critical in the design and control of bioreactors. Conventional methods such as direct physical sampling of waste reach their limits due to the interference with the waste matrix. This paper reviews geophysical measurements such as electrical direct current and electromagnetic slingram methods for measuring the electrical conductivity. Electrical conductivity is a property, which is linked to both moisture and temperature and can provide useful indications on the biodegradation environment in the waste mass. The study reviews three site experiments: a first experimentation shows the advantages (correlation between conductive anomaly and water seepage) but also the limits of geophysical interpretation; the two other sites allow the leachate recirculation to be tracked by studying the relative resistivity variation versus time from electrical 2D imaging. Even if some improvements are necessary to consider geophysical measurements as a real bioreactor monitoring tool, results are promising and could lead to the use of electrical 2D imaging in bioreactor designing. 相似文献
384.
A sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate river temperature variations in response to changes in hydraulic and meteorological conditions. The effects of instream flow, river geometry, and weather factors on daily mean and daily maximum river temperatures are quantified by analytical solutions to a simplified model. The influence coefficient method is used to determine river temperature sensitivity. The sensitivity analysis presents quantitative evidence that river temperatures are more sensitive to instream flowrate, upstream inflow temperature, air temperature, humidity and solar radiation than to other parameters including wind speed and channel geometry and morphometry. It is found that the sensitivity of river temperatures to flow is as significant as that to weather. Daily maximum river temperature is more sensitive to flowrate than daily mean temperature. Adapting the concept of 'diminishing returns', a critical instream flowrate is identified, which divides high and low sensitivity of water temperatures to flowrate. The critical flowrate can be used to determine practically achievable and economically feasible flow requirements for summer river temperature control. The sensitivity results can assist in streamflow management and reservoir operation for protections of habitat and aquatic environment. 相似文献
385.
386.
不锈钢板卷生产过程中的危险因素及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据国内的不锈钢板卷生产工艺状况 ,分析并指出了生产过程中可能出现的危险和有害因素 ,同时对生产性粉尘、噪声和高温进行了劳动条件分级 ,从而提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
387.
Ji-Guang Gu Shu-Pei Cheng Jianhua Liu Ji-Dong Gu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2000,8(4):167-174
An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was evaluated for monitoring microbial degradation of electronic packaging polyimides. The microbial inoculum was a mixed culture of fungi isolated previously from deteriorated polyimides. The active fungal consortium comprised Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and a Chaetomium species. After inoculation, fungal growth on the polyimides resulted in distinctive EIS spectra indicative of polymer insulation failure, which directly related to polymer integrity. Degradation appeared to occur in a number of steps and two distinctive stages in the decline of film resistance were observed in the inoculated EIS cells within the 2 and 10 weeks after inoculation. The early stage of resistance decrease may be related to the ingress of water molecules and ionic species into the polymeric materials, whereas the second stage probably resulted from partial degradation of the polymers by fungal growth on the polymer film. The relationship between changes of impedance spectra and microbial degradation of the polymer was further supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of fungi growing on the surface of the inoculated polyimides. Our data indicate that the EIS can be used in detection of early degradation of resistant polymers and polyimides that are susceptible to biodeterioration. 相似文献
388.
依据回顾性环境影响评价的内涵,结合其发展过程和作用,总结了回顾性环境影响评价工作的主要特点,并探索了今后该项工作的发展趋势。 相似文献
389.
研究了5%锐颈特县浮剂与95%马拉硫磷文替使用对麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora paroa)乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE,EC3.1.1.7)活性的影响。结果表明,0.2mg/L,锐颈物与2mg/L马拉硫磷交替使用均影响被抑制的AChE活性恢复。文中还探讨了研究农药影响对于合理评价农药环境毒性的意义。 相似文献
390.
Combined amendment reduces soil Cd availability and rice Cd accumulation in three consecutive rice planting seasons 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wenjun Yang Shilong Wang Hang Zhou Min Zeng Jingyi Zhang Fang Huang Shiping Shan Zhaohui Guo Hongwei Yi Zhiguang Sun Jiaofeng Gu Bohan Liao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(1):141-152
The scientific application of stabilized materials has been considered an effective method for the in situ remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of the effect of a combined amendment of limestone and sepiolite(LS) on soil Cd availability and accumulation in rice grown in a mildly Cd-contaminated paddy field(0.45 mg/kg of Cd) over three consecutive rice seasons. 1125–4500 kg/ha of LS was applied to the soil before the first rice planting season and 5... 相似文献