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411.
Guillaume Péron Yves Ferrand François Gossmann Claudine Bastat Michel Guénézan Olivier Gimenez 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(10):1949-1955
During unpredictable adverse conditions, endotherms can engage in emergency behaviors (movement, torpor, hyperphagia) to maintain
energy balance and reduce mortality hazards. Bird “escape migration” is one of the most visible of these behaviors. In this
study, we focus on a Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola population. Seasonal migrations bring this population from its breeding grounds in Eastern and Northern Europe to its wintering
grounds in France. A varying number of these birds are also regularly reported from Spain, supposedly during additional escape
movements that occur in winter. Using models that account for the imperfect detection rate of individuals and a large (>44,000
individuals) dataset combining information from the wintering and breeding ranges, we show that severe winters significantly
reduced survival probability, but that migration to Spain increased only during the most intense cold spell that occurred
over the 20-year study period. This suggests that the decision to resume migration during the winter is submitted to a threshold
mechanism, which we discuss in the light of current models of migratory behavior. 相似文献
412.
413.
414.
415.
Enhanced selectivity of enzymes by kinetic proofreading 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Guéron 《American scientist》1978,66(2):202-208
416.
杭州地区大气气溶胶中重金属含量特征研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对2004年8月~2005年5月间在杭州城区采集的大气气溶胶样品进行了7种重金属元素组成、形态等方面的分析测定;总结了大气气溶胶中各金属元素浓度的季节变化、形态分配比例和影响因素。研究结果表明:杭州市大气气溶胶浓度较高,平均值0.264 mg/m^3。气溶胶质量浓度呈明显的季节变化;气溶胶中各重金属元素的含量水平由高到低依次为:Fe、Zn、Pb、Mn、Cu、Cr和Cd;杭州市大气气溶胶中各重金属元素含量的季节变化在人为源和天然源以及气候条件等综合作用下具有一定的规律性,总体而言,春秋季高于夏冬季;各元素的形态分配比例跟它们本身的环境地球化学性质密切相关,同时也会受到气象和人为因素的影响。 相似文献
417.
Zeping Gu Jialiang Feng Wenliang Han Li Li Minghong Wu Jiamo Fu Guoying Sheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(3):389-396
Forty-eight daily time interval PM2:5 samples were collected from December 2006 to January 2008 in an urban site in Shanghai,
China. Concentrations and compositions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed with GC-MS to study the diurnal
and seasonal variations and to identify the main emitting sources. The diurnal variation of the PAHs concentrations was greater in
the late autumn and winter sampling days, and was greatly influenced by meteorological conditions such as wind speed and ambient
temperature. The concentration of PAHs in the mornings (6:30–10:00) increased distinctly, and was high in the late autumn and winter
sampling days, indicating the contribution from vehicle emissions during rush hours. The diurnal variation of the high molecular weight
PAHs did not seem to be controlled by the shift of gas-particle partitioning due to temperature variation, instead, it could be indicative of
the variation in the source. Statistical analyses showed that the concentrations of PAHs were negatively correlated with temperature and
wind speed, and positively correlated with relative humidity. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs suggested mixed emission sources of petroleum
and coal/biomass combustion for PAHs in the PM2:5 in Shanghai. 相似文献
418.
Li Li Wu Wang Jialiang Feng Dongping Zhang Huaijian Li Zeping Gu Bangjin Wang Guoying Sheng Jiamo Fu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(3):405-412
PM2.5 aerosols were collected in forests along north latitude in boreal-temperate, temperate, subtropical and tropical climatic zones in eastern China, i.e., Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve (CB), Dongping National Forest Park in Chongming Island (CM), Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve (DH), Jianfengling Nature Reserve in Hainan Island (HN). The mass concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) as well as concentrations of ten inorganic ions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, C2O42-, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were determined. Aerosol chemical mass closures were achieved. The 24-hr average concentrations of PM2.5 were 38.8, 89.2, 30.4, 18 μg/m3 at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. Organic matter and EC accounted for 21%-33% and 1.3%-2.3% of PM2.5 mass, respectively. The sum of three dominant secondary ions (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+) accounted for 44%, 50%, 45% and 16% of local PM2.5 mass at CB, CM, DH and HN, respectively. WSOC comprised 35%-65% of OC. The sources of PM2.5 include especially important regional anthropogenic pollutions at Chinese forest areas. 相似文献
419.
Assessing the impact of fungicide enostroburin application on bacterial
community in wheat phyllosphere 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Likun Gu Zhihui Bai Bo Jin Qing Hu Huili Wang Guoqiang Zhuang Hongxun Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(1):134-141
Fungicides have been used extensively for controlling fungal pathogens of plants. However, little is known regarding the effects that fungicides upon the indigenous bacterial communities within the plant phyllosphere. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of fungicide enostroburin upon bacterial communities in wheat phyllosphere. Culture-independent methodologies of 16S rDNA clone library and 16S rDNA directed polymerase chain reaction with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were used for monitoring the change of bacterial community. The 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-DGGE analysis both confirmed the microbial community of wheat plant phyllosphere were predominantly of the γ-Proteobacteria phyla. Results from PCR-DGGE analysis indicated a significant change in bacterial community structure within the phyllosphere following fungicide enostroburin application. Bands sequenced within control cultures were predominantly of Pseudomonas genus, but those bands sequenced in the treated samples were predominantly strains of Pantoea genus and Pseudomonas genus. Of interest was the appearance of two DGGE bands following fungicide treatment, one of which had sequence similarities (98%) to Pantoea sp. which might be a competitor of plant pathogens. This study revealed the wheat phyllosphere bacterial community composition and a shift in the bacterial community following fungicide enostroburin application. 相似文献
420.
Two bacterial stains were isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Leucobacter sp.and Alcaligenes faecalis by 16S rDNA sequencing.Pure cultures of these two strains,representing well or poorly settled bacteria,were used to investigate the mechanism of bioflocculation in activated sludge.Based on the analyses of the characteristics of cells hydrophobicity,ζ-potential,flocculation ability and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition under different growth stages,it was found that the ratio of cell EPS protein had the highly influence on ζ-potential and hydrophobicity,which were important factors to bioflocculation.Cellulase and Proteinase K could destroy the extracellular biopolymer and resulted in a decrease in the hydrophobicity and ζ-potential.However,in our study,the flocculation characteristics exhibited differently in relation to cellulase and Proteinase K.Flocculation of cells treated with cellulase and Proteinase K decreased sharply,and then recovered quickly in cellulase treatment,while cells treated with Proteinase K showed no sign of recovery.This reveals that the presence of protein in extracellular biopolymer plays an important role to the bioflocculation of cells. 相似文献