总量控制与交易机制中的碳补偿制度研究

总量控制与交易机制中的碳补偿制度是一种有助于受控企业灵活履行减排义务的制度,能有效降低企业减排成本、提高经济效率、增强减排动力。发达国家非常重视这一制度的发展,并在研究、立法、实际应用方面取得了一定的成效。本文从碳补偿制度在发达国家的发展现状入手,对该制度的基本架构和交易情况进行了分析与研究;同时结合国际经验,对碳补偿制度在中国的发展提出了几点建议,为正在进行的区域碳交易试点以及未来建设全国范围的碳交易市场做准备。     

等压隔离在阀门密封性试验中的应用

介绍了核电厂止回阀密封性试验中遇到的问题,通过对止回阀的结构进行研究,提出了"等压隔离"概念,通过不同气路保持"等压隔离"装置双密封圈间空间的压力与阀体压力等压,形成"虚拟隔离",从而实现对隔离阀泄漏率的准确测量。重点阐述了等压隔离的结构原理,等压隔离装置的开发及其在隔离阀密封性试验中的应用。通过止回阀的实验室试验,进一步验证了试验方法可靠,测试结果准确。     

Chemical constituents of Prunella vulgaris

Nine compounds were isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris by various kinds of chromatography. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral analysis as polygalacerebroside (1), ursolic acid (2), β-amyrin (3), quercetin (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside (5), β-spinasterol (6), stigmasterol (7), β-sitosterol (8), daucosterol (9). Compound 1 was isolated from this genus for the first time. Phytochemical investigation on the spikes of P. vulgaris provided chemical constituents diversity, which were performed to facilitate further development and utilization of P. vulgaris pharmaceutical resource.     

北京嘉泰国际大厦空调机房噪声治理

北京嘉泰国际大厦因在建筑设计和施工阶段未对空调机房采用合理的噪声控制措施,导致竣工后噪声达不到用户的要求,无法使用。只能花更大的精力和代价进行改造和治理。以此为实例,分析其噪声振动超标的原因,并简述治理方案及最终效果。最后提出大厦机房建造和振动噪声控制方面的建议。     

Suppressing SO3 formation in copper smelting flue gas by ejecting pyrite into flue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - SO3 in the copper smelting flue gas not only causes serious corrosion in heat exchange and dust collection equipment but also increases the amount of...     

浅析某厂化学镀镍线的主要污染物及处理措施

某厂化学镀镍线产生的主要污染物为大气污染、水污染和固体废物污染。其中大气污染物主要为硫酸雾。水污染物为总镍、总铜、化学需氧量、悬浮物、总磷、氨氮等。固废废弃物均为危险废物,包括废包装材料、酸性废液、含镍废液。该文分析了化学镀镍线产生的废气、废水和固体废物的主要来源,并提出了防止污染的对策。     

化工型科研单位员工健康管理实践与对策

以某化工型科研单位为研究对象,分析评估化工型科研单位中存在的员工健康危害因素,阐述关于员工健康的管理实践与对策。通过健康风险识别与评估、健康危险因素监测与管理、劳动保护、工伤与疾病管理、健康保障、健康促进等形式开展员工健康管理,实现职业健康、身体健康、心理健康的全员健康、全面健康的"大健康"目标。     

Monitoring gas- and particulate-phase short-chain polychlorinated paraffins in the urban air of Dalian by a self-developed passive sampler

The concentration of short-chain polychlorinated paraffins(SCCPs) in the urban air of Dalian,China was monitored from September 2016 to August 2017 with a self-developed passive sampler(PAS1) and an active high-volume sampler, simultaneously. PAS1 successfully collected the entire target SCCPs in the ambient air. Air SCCPs sampled by PAS1 were found be in the linear uptake stage during 181 days of sampling. Passive and active samples showed comparable congener profiles, and the dominant contributors of SCCPs in the two kinds of samples were similar. A significant linear correlation was observed between the total concentration of SCCPs sampled by PAS1 and active sampler in the four seasons. The passive sampling rates of the PAS1 for the gas and particulate phases of SCCPs were measured. The quantitative structure–property relationship of the sampling rate of PAS1(Rair) for gas-phase SCCPs was studied. From the molecular point of view, Rairwas mainly affected by the molecular weight and sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure of SCCPs. In general, SCCPs in the urban air of Dalian mainly existed in gas phase,lower molecular weight SCCPs primarily occurred in the gas phase, whereas higher molecular weight SCCPs were predominately adsorbed or absorbed on airborne particles. The air concentration of SCCPs in the four seasons were different, the correlation of the concentration of SCCPs in the air with the meteorology parameters was conducted. The exposure risk by intake air SCCPs of the residents around the sampling sites was evaluated according to the European risk assessment standards.     

Repeated exposure to cat urine induces complex behavioral,hormonal, and c-fos mRNA responses in Norway rats (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rattus norvegicus</Emphasis>)

Prey species show specific adaptations that allow recognition, avoidance, and defense against predators. This study was undertaken to investigate the processing of a chronic, life-threatening stimulus to Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). One hundred forty-four Norway rats were tested by repeated presentation of cat urine for 1 h at different days in a defensive withdrawal apparatus. Rats exposed to urine for short periods showed significantly larger defensive behavioral and medial hypothalamic c-fos messenger RNA (mRNA) responses than other groups. These defensive responses habituated shortly after the presentation of cat urine. Serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone increased significantly when animals were repeatedly exposed to cat urine. However, the hormonal responses took longer to habituate than the behavioral and molecular responses did. We conclude that the behavioral and c-fos mRNA responses are “primed” for habituation to repeated exposures to cat urine, while the hormonal responses show “resistance.” The results support our hypothesis that the strongest anti-predator responses at three levels would occur during short-term exposure to cat urine and that these responses would subsequently disappear on prolonged exposure. This study assists understanding the way in which the different levels of defensive responses are integrated and react during chronic stress.     

Development and validation of abiotic ligand model for nickel toxicity to wheat (Triticum aestivum)

A terrestrial biotic ligand model (t-BLM) was developed to predict nickel toxicity to wheat (Triticum aestivum) root elongation in hydroponic solutions. The competitive effects of five major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺ and H⁺) on Ni toxicity were investigated and Mg²⁺ was found to be a strong competitor, while H²⁺ showed less competing effect. Besides free Ni²⁺, the toxicity induced by the species NiHCO₃⁺ was non-neglect able at pH > 7 because NiHCO₃⁺ occupied a significant fraction of total Ni under such condition. Thus, a t-BLM including Ni²⁺, NiHCO₃⁺, Mg²⁺, and H⁺ could successfully predict the nickel toxicity to wheat root elongation and it performed better prediction than the conventional free ion activity model. In addition, the model was examined with two sets of independent experiments, which contained multiple cations and low-molecular-weight organic acids to mimic the rhizo-sphere condition. The developed t-BLM well predicted nickel toxicity in both experiments since it can account in both complexation and competition effects, suggesting its potential to be used in a complicated matrix like soil solution. This study provides direct evidence that the t-BLM is a reliable method for the risk assessment of nickel in terrestrial system.