关于环境噪声管理中的几个问题

探讨了日常环境噪声管理中涉及的环境噪声污染的界定、环境噪声功能区划的方法以及建筑施工噪声的监测等方面问题，认为必须完善配套制度和修订有关规范。     

用TDR确定沙壤土非饱和淹灌条件下NH4+的硝化反应及NO3-的入渗迁移

了解污灌土壤微量元素含量空间分布特征是进行土壤环境评价的重要前提。应用地统计学技术对北京东郊污灌区典型地块８种微量元素含量和土壤理化参数进行了空间结构分析。     

Distribution,sources and potential risk of HCH and DDT in soils from a typical alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta region,China

Spatial distribution, sources and potential health risks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), in surface soils (n = 544) collected from a typical alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta region, China, were elucidated. Concentrations of ΣHCH and ΣDDT in soils ranged from less than the limit of detection (<LOD) to 99.0 ng g^?1, dry weight (dw) (mean 3.23 ng g^?1 dw) and <LOD to 600 ng g^?1 dw (mean 88.8 ng g^?1 dw), respectively. Historical applications of HCH and DDT were the major sources of the residue in soils. HCH was mainly distributed in Anthrosols in the southern part of the watershed, while DDT was mainly distributed in Cambosols in the northern part. The 95 % cumulative probability incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of different age groups such as children, youths, and adults all exceeded the acceptable risk level of 10^?6 recommended by USEPA for carcinogenic chemicals. The spatial distributions of ∑ILCRs were consistent with concentrations of OCPs in soils, while they were slight different for the different age groups. Adult females had the greatest risk of OCPs in soils, followed by children, while youths had the least risk. The ingestion of OCPs in soils was the more important route of exposure compared with dermal and inhalation exposures. The concentration of OCPs in soils, the particulate emission factor, the fraction of dermal exposure ratio, and the soil ingestion rate were the major contributing variables to total ILCRs according to sensitivity analyses.     

乌江流域水沙特性变化分析

对乌江流域水沙特性变化进行分析,是解决长江上游泥沙问题、提高水资源利用率和防灾减灾的根本出发点,同时可为喀斯特地区水土流失治理和生态恢复提供理论依据.文章通过对乌江流域主要水文站鸭池河站、乌江渡站和思南站的降雨-径流-泥沙随时间的变化、降雨-径流和径流-泥沙的相关性和双累积曲线进行分析,研究结果为:降雨量、径流模数和输沙模数随时间的变化无明显趋势,历年输沙模数是鸭池河>乌江渡>思南.1980年以后由于实施了大量水土保持工程使得输沙模数大量减少.在年均径流模数相同的情况下,1971-1979年这一时期的产沙量要高于1961-1970年.从1971年开始输沙模数相对于径流而言出现趋势性增多,这主要是由人类活动造成.三个站点的双累积曲线变化趋势相似,说明人类活动对河流泥沙的影响,既取决于人类活动的方式、程度,也受制于流域环境条件.     

固载型TiO2光催化反应器对富营养水体杀藻作用研究

以泡沫镍作为载体，利用电沉积技术将纳米TiO₂负载在泡沫镍上，制成固载型TiO₂光催化反应器。研究表明，经过光催化反应器处理的富营养水体，30 h内叶绿素a由96.2 mg/m³降至2.2mg/m³，下降率达97.6％，而未负载纳米TiO₂普通泡沫镍材料，在同样光强的紫外灯照射下，叶绿素a下降率为74.3％，表明紫外光照射虽然也具有一定的杀藻功能，但是光催化反应才是藻类被杀灭的主要原因。利用9.54 m³景观喷水池进行杀藻中试，光催化反应器也同样表现出优异的杀藻性能，12 d内叶绿素a由18.7 mg/m³降至1.9mg/m³，下降率达到89.8％，水体由浓绿变为清澈见底，这表明光催化反应器具有很强的杀藻能力，通过有效杀灭富营养水体中藻类、控制藻类基数，对应急处理城市景观水、湖泊等富营养水体和突发性藻华，提高生物-生态法处理效率，改善城市水环境具有十分重要的意义。     

二沉池动态仿真模型研究

建立了二沉池的一维动态模型,同时定义偏差函数作为模型参数校核的目标函数,并对某污水厂二沉池进行动态仿真的模拟.通过对模拟数据和实际运行数据的对比,验证了二沉池模拟的合理性以及参数校核方法的有效性.     

西北地区不同等级沙尘暴的空间变化与防治

通过资料分析,揭示了西北地区不同等级沙尘暴的分布范围与物质组成的空间变化及发生动力。研究表明,西北特强沙尘暴活动范围从荒漠源区一直到东南沿海及港澳地区,强沙尘暴活动范围包括荒漠源区到我国东部的河南郑州、开封、许昌以及山东菏泽等地,中等沙尘暴分布在荒漠源区到甘肃兰州等地,弱沙尘暴分布范围小,以点状分布为主;不同等级沙尘暴的物质浓度和组成不同;产生不同等级沙尘暴的动力不同;给黄土高原带来大量粉尘物质和造成严重灾害的主要是强和特强沙尘暴;对西北地区不同等级沙尘暴灾害的防治应采取分级防治和分区防治相结合的措施。     

Recovery of phosphorus as struvite from sewage sludge ash

Phosphorus (P) is an element vital for all living organisms, yet the world's reserves of phosphate rock are becoming depleted. This study investigated an effective P recovery method from sludge ash via struvite precipitation. Results showed that more than 95% of the total P content was extracted from sludge ash by applying 0.5 mol/L HCl at a liquid/solid ratio of 50 mL/g. Although heavy metal leaching also occurred during P extraction, cation exchange resin efficiently removed the heavy metals from the P-rich solution. Orthogonal tests showed that the optimal parameters for P precipitation as struvite would be a Mg:N:P molar ratio of 1.6:1.6:1 at pH 10.0. X-ray diffraction analysis validated the formation of struvite. Further investigations revealed that the harvested precipitate had a high struvite content (97%), high P bioavailability (94%), and low heavy metal content, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer.     

内电解法处理工业废水技术的试验

用内电地对印染废水，靛兰生产废水，电镀废水及炼油厂含油废水进行了试验。结果表明，ＣＯＤＣｒ的去除率可达５０％＿７０％，色度，硝基苯，酚，重金属离子及油的去除率可达９０％以上。     

电导滴定法快速测定不同水中硫酸根的含量

采用电导法，用氯化钡标准溶液滴定水样中硫酸根的含量对测定结果的影响因素进行了探讨，本方法测定的回收率在９８￣１０２％之间，装置简单，试样测定时间仅需几分钟，准确度较高，适用范围广，如海水，卤水，自来水、深井水、雨水和部分工业废水等硫酸根含量的测定。