TiO2光催化处理废水中贵重金属的研究进展

概述了TiO2光催化处理废水中贵重金属的原理、影响因素及应用研究.影响光催化处理水相中金属的因素包括TiO2的晶型、粒径和比表面积、TiO2的用量、改性剂、光源与光强、金属离子、溶液pH值、O2、空穴捕获剂、阴阳离子、固定化及光反应器.叙述了采用光催化法除去单一金属离子(Cr(Ⅵ)、Hg(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ))、选择性分离回收多种贵金属以及耦合协同处理金属与有机污染物.最后,指出了存在的问题及今后的研究趋势.     

松花江饮用水氯消毒中氯仿形成的优化控制

通过对松花江水进行大量实验 ,找出TOC的含量、投氯量、温度和 pH值等对氯仿形成的定量关系 ,确定了饮用水氯化的优化条件 ,使饮用水氯化过程中形成的氯仿含量不超过国家饮用水的标准     

Use of blood parameters in fish to assess acidic stress and chloride pollution in French running waters

The study investigated whether plasmatic parameters in fish such as Cl- content could serve as physiological indicators to evaluate water quality. The variations of plasma Cl- content in two fish species caught in a wide range of rivers representative of the hydrographic system of Lorraine (N-E France) were investigated. First, we studied autochthonous populations of chub (Leuciscus cephalus) which is a widespread species in the rivers of Lorraine. Organisms living in highly mineralised rivers (>1500 microScm(-1))--either naturally or due to salt mine contamination--showed plasma Cl- content significantly greater than organisms living in river with a lower mineralisation. Second, we investigated plasma Cl- content of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in poorly mineralised streams (<80 microS cm(-1)) with different degrees of acidification, both on autochthonous and transferred organisms. While indigenous trout maintained their Cl- content even in the acidic streams, transferred trout exhibited an important decrease of Cl- content after 48 h of exposure under acidic conditions.     

焦化厂生化出水电解脱色工艺及其机理的初步研究

针对焦化废水经萃取(蒸氨)脱酚和生化处理后的出水水质的特点,研究用铝板作为电极电解该废水的脱色效果,研究了废水pH、电解槽电压、时间等因素对其色度去除率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:pH=4、电解槽电压=10V、时间=30min,此时色度去除率可达93.6%,COD的去除率也可以达到61.78%。采用GCMS分析了电解前后废水中的有机物成分,探讨了形成高色度水质的原因、有机物的去除及脱色机理。     

纺织印染废水治理工程设计

采用混凝沉淀 -酸化水解 -生物接触氧化工艺处理纺织印染废水。工程实践运行表明 ,该工艺处理效果好、运行稳定、投资省     

炻器餐饮具的抗菌研究

以一种特种陶瓷——炻器为载体，分别用负载TiO2光催化薄膜和添加抗菌剂的方法进行炻器餐饮具的抗菌研究。结果表明，在紫外光和日光下，表面负载了TiO2膜的炻器灭菌率分别为90％和88％，均高于未负载TiO2膜的炻器，且灭菌率随光强的增加而提高。复合银盐显示了很好的杀菌效果，当釉表层银含量为0．2％时，24h内对所有细菌的灭菌率为94．6％、总大肠菌群为96．9％。复合锌盐也有一定的灭菌效果，当釉表层锌含量为1．1％时，24h内对所有细菌的灭菌率为56．8％，总大肠菌群为59．3％。但将TiO2粉末加入炻器表层的釉中，却未显示灭菌作用。对掺杂的炻器表面层成分和掺杂后Ag^＋、Zn^2＋的溶出量进行了测定，对灭菌结果和机理也进行了讨论。     

Lix54-100从印刷电路板蚀刻废液中回收铜

本文对Lix5 4 10 0萃取剂萃取铜氨料液中铜的性能做了研究 ,发现其具有动力学速率快、饱和容量高、分离效果好、反萃容易及不萃氨等特点。并把其应用于印刷电路板蚀刻废液中铜的回收 ,在铜初始浓度为 15 6.96g/L ,相比为 2∶1条件下 ,用 80 %Lix5 4 10 0 -煤油经过三级错流萃取 ,铜的浓度可下降到 2 6.88g/L。三级总萃取率达 82 .87%。由此设计推荐了无废排放工艺流程 ,实现了经济效益和环境效益的统一     

湖南德夯风景区蕨类植物区系的研究

德夯风景区位于湖南省西北部吉首市之西,海拔189.4m-964.6m, 面积252km~2。该区蕨类植物有28科,51属,118种。其特点:(1)、种类丰富而密度大,以鳞毛蕨科、水龙骨科、蹄盖蕨科、卷柏属、铁角属、凤尾蕨属等为优势类群,科内、属内种数贫乏;(2)、属的地理成分以热带成分为主,温带与亚热带成分次之,无特有属。种的地理成分以亚热带成分为主,热带与温带成分次之,特有种类丰富;(3)、东亚成分(尤其是中国-日本成分)众多,可能是东亚成分分布中心的一部分;(4)、与天平山、佼母溪关系最密切,与庐山、黄山、大瑶山关系较密切,与神农架、鼎湖山较疏远。     

城市内河蓝藻复苏和生长规律研究

主要探讨城市化对城市内河蓝藻复苏和生长的影响。这些影响包括河流中营养物的升高、高等水生植物的灭绝、河水所受光照强度的变化以及由河水滞流带来的水体复氧效率降低对内河中蓝藻爆发条件的影响。通过实验我们发现金鱼藻与水网藻的存在可以在一定程度上抑制蓝藻的生长,金鱼藻的效果比水网藻更明显。适宜的光照是蓝藻大量生长的条件。对水体进行曝气复氧可以抑制蓝藻的生长。     

Assessment of column aerosol optical properties using ground-based sun-photometer at urban Harbin, Northeast China

Aerosol plays a key role in determining radiative balance, regional climate and human health. Severe air pollution over Northeast China in recent years urges more comprehensive studies to figure out the adverse effects caused by excessive aerosols. In this study, column aerosol measurements over urban Harbin, a metropolis located at the highest latitude in Northeast China, during May 2016 to March 2017 were conducted using a CIMEL sun-photometer to analyze local aerosol properties and its variation from different aspects. According to the observations, aerosol optical depth at 440 nm (AOD₄₄₀) ranges from 0.07 up to 1.54, and the large variability in both AOD₄₄₀ and Angstrom Exponent (AE_440–870) indicates the frequent change of aerosol types due of different emission sources. Coarse mode particles dominated Harbin during the studying period because of the long-range transported dust and probably the suspended snow crystals in winter. As the wavelength increases, relatively consistent decrease trends of single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry factor (ASY) were observed in spring, autumn, and winter, indicating the presence of absorbing polluted aerosols. Mixed type (MIX) aerosol dominated the study region with a total percentage of 34%, and biomass burning and urban industry (BB/UI), clean continental (CC), and desert dust (DD) aerosols were found to be 31%, 27%, and 8%, respectively. The current work fills up the optical characteristics of aerosols in Harbin, and will contribute to the in-depth understanding of local aerosol variation and regional climate change over Northeast China.