基于提升职工安全素质的巡检“三化”管理模式应用

基于化工罐区巡检工作现状,围绕提升职工安全素质,提出了从"制度化、细节化、可视化"3个方面构建罐区巡检"三化"管理模式,并给出了具体做法,以实现将化工原辅料储运的安全风险防范关口前移,有效提升化工类罐区运行的本质安全。     

"水俣病事件"50周年祭

（1956-2006） 100年前,日本氮肥公司（1906年创业时称曾木电气,1908年经重组始称日本氮肥株式会社）水俣工厂的开工,彻底改变了水俣,这个位于不知火海边的小渔村的命运.工厂的开工,带来就业,繁荣了当地经济,随着氨肥产量的不断增加,小渔村发展成为一个域市.     

Biomethanation of brewery wastewater using an anaerobic upflow blanket filter

A large flow of effluent is generated from brewery plants and needs treatment before discharging into the environment. A laboratory-scale investigation was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the anaerobic upflow blanket filter (UBF) process for the biomethanation of a brewery effluent. The results show that the process, when operated at ambient temperatures of 20–29°C and influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 2440 mg/l, could remove the majority of the organic matter at a low hydraulic retention time. The process produced a potentially usable energy. These results compare favorably with the results obtained from investigations into the biomethanation of brewery effluent using other anaerobic processes.     

南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅷ)——藏经殿森林群落学特征

南岳藏经殿森林群落内有维管束植物63科、102属、129种,属可以划分为以北温带、泛热带和东亚为主的13种分布类型。各占总属数的22.73％、21.59％和17.05％,总的情况是温性质为主,热带性质成分为辅:种可以划分为18种分布类型,其中以华夏、东亚和中国一日本为主,具有明显的“华东—华中”区系过渡性质。群落木本植物和草本植物各占65.12％和34.88％,在木本植物中,常绿成分和落叶成分各占32.15％和67.95％,群落可明显划分为乔、灌、草三层,它是一种尚未报道过的新群落类型。即包石栎—锐齿槲栎—甜槠+箬竹+求米草群丛,在更新演替过程中、群落仍将保持常绿落叶阔叶混交林性质,其优势种,亚优势种很可能会枝云和新木姜、尾叶山茶、山姜、多脉青冈、雷公鹅耳枥和长叶石栎等取代。     

绿色技术与可持续发展

本文着重论述了绿色技术的概念、层次及意义，指出在我国尽快树立起崭新的生态伦理观，大力推行绿色技术，把我国经济、社会、环境纳入协调发展的轨道，是实现可持续发展的必由之路。     

Bamboo charcoal enhances cellulase and urease activities during chicken manure composting: Roles of the bacterial community and metabolic functions

Microbial enzymes are crucial for material biotransformation during the composting process. In this study, we investigated the effects of adding bamboo charcoal (BC) (i.e., at 5%, 10%, and 20% corresponding to BC5, BC10, and BC20, respectively) on the enzyme activity levels during chicken manure composting. The results showed that BC10 could increase the cellulose and urease activities by 56% and 96%, respectively. The bacterial community structure in BC10 differed from those in the other treatments, and Luteivirga, Lactobacillus, Paenalcaligenes, Ulvibacter, Bacillus, Facklamia, Pelagibacterium, Sporosarcina, Cellvibrio, and Corynebacterium had the most important roles in composting. Compared with other treatments, BC10 significantly enhanced the average rates of degradation of carbohydrates (D-xylose (40%) and α-D-lactose (44%)) and amino acids (L-arginine (16%), L-asparagine (14%), and L-threonine (52%)). We also explored the associations among the bacterial community and their metabolic functions with the changes in the activities of enzymes. Network analysis demonstrated that BC10 altered the co-occurrence patterns of the bacterial communities, where Ulvibacter and class Bacilli were the keystone bacterial taxa with high capacities for degrading carbon source, and they were related to increases in the activities of cellulase and urease, respectively. The results obtained in this study may help to further enhance the efficiency of composting.     

Anthropogenic land use substantially increases riverine CO2 emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from inland waters to the atmosphere are a pivotal component of the global carbon budget. Anthropogenic land use can influence riverine CO₂ emissions, but empirical data exploring cause-effect relationships remain limited. Here, we investigated CO₂ partial pressures (pCO₂) and degassing in a monsoonal river (Yue River) within the Han River draining to the Yangtze in China. Almost 90% of river samples were supersaturated in CO₂ with a mean ± standard deviation of 1474 ± 1614 µatm, leading to emissions of 557 - 971 mmol/m²/day from river water to the atmosphere. Annual CO₂ emissions were 1.6 - 2.8 times greater than the longitudinal exports of riverine dissolved inorganic and organic carbon. pCO₂ was positively correlated to anthropogenic land use (urban and farmland), and negatively correlated to forest cover. pCO₂ also had significant and positive relationships with total dissolved nitrogen and total dissolved phosphorus. Stepwise multiple regression models were developed to predict pCO₂. Farmland and urban land released nutrients and organic matter to the river system, driving riverine pCO₂ enrichment due to enhanced respiration in these heterotrophic rivers. Overall, we show the crucial role of land use driving riverine pCO₂, which should be considered in future large-scale estimates of CO₂ emissions from streams. Land use change can thus modify the carbon balance of urban-river systems by enhancing river emissions, and reforestation helps carbon neutral in rivers.     

Feedbacks of flow and bed morphology from a submerged dense vegetation patch without upstream sediment supply

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate how flow patterns and bed morphology are affected around a submerged vegetation patch in the condition without...     

Optimal post-warranty maintenance contracts for wind turbines considering availability

ABSTRACT

Outsourcing maintenance is an economical way for wind farm owners to address sophisticated and expensive maintenance operations of wind turbines. This paper proposes three options for the post-warranty maintenance contract of wind turbines from the perspective of service providers. Option 1 involves corrective maintenance only. In option 2, the first preventive maintenance is performed at a certain time point and after that periodic maintenance is carried out. Option 3 initiates with a preventive replacement and performs periodic maintenance subsequently. An availability target is set over the contract period and failing to satisfy the target incurs a penalty from the service provider. The objective is to determine the optimal preventive maintenance programs of option 2 and option 3 that minimize the contract servicing cost. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed policies. The results show that option 2 and option 3 are more effective than option 1 and their effectiveness grows when warranty and contract coverages increase.     

High-throughput analysis of the effects of different fish culture methods on antibiotic resistance gene abundances in a lake

Freshwater lakes are important reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, we determined the ARG profiles in water samples from Ying Lake, China, using high-throughput quantitative PCR. The high prevalence of ARGs suggested significant pollution with ARGs in the study area, where the ARG diversity and abundance were greater in an area with box-type fish farming than an area with fenced fish farming. Network analysis indicated the widespread co-occurrence of ARGs and mobile genetic elements. cphA-01, blalMP02, and blaCMY202 were identified as adequate indicator genes for estimating the total ARG abundances. Redundancy analysis indicated that changes in the microbial communities caused by variations in the physicochemical parameters with different fish culture methods mainly determined the ARGs in the lake system. Thus, analyzing the factors that affect ARGs provided novel insights into the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance and propagation of ARGs in a lake.