金沙江中游地区山茶属植物资源及其应用前景

金沙江中游地区山茶属植物资源非常丰富，种类２５种１变种，多度、频度都较大、所产种子富含油脂，油质好、无污染，是理想的食用油和工业用油，精提的山茶油是极好的护肤、护发用品，并发现了很有价值的优良育种材料，如开白花的四倍体山茶。     

连体防护服样板结构的优化研究

防护服的结构和尺寸直接影响穿着者的舒适性及安全性。本研究是在现场观察的基础上，模拟作业人员的动作，对工作服的穿着状态进行了评价；并通过对服装样板的结构和尺寸进行分析，提出了修改方案，制作了新的样板及工作服。试穿结果表明，改进后的服装结构和尺寸更加合理，穿着舒适性也有所改善。本文的研究结果对合理设计防护服的结构及尺寸，保证穿着者的活动舒适性及安全性有一定的意义。     

Biochemical Cooperation Between Klebsiella oxytoca Sc and Methylobacterium mesophilium Sr for Complete Degradation of Dimethyl Isophthalate

Klebsiella oxytoca Sc and Methylobacterium mesophilicum Sr were isolated from enrichment cultures using dimethyl isophthalate (DMI) as the sole carbon and energy source and mangrove sediment as an inoculum. Complete degradation of DMI required both species of bacteria at different biochemical transformation steps. The biochemical degradation pathway was DMI to monomethyl isophthalate (MMI) by K. oxytoca Sc, MMI to isophthalate (IPA) by M. mesophilium Sr, and IPA by both K. oxytoca Sc and M. mesophilium Sr sequentially. The consortium comprising of K. oxytoca Sc and M. mesophilicum Sr was effective in complete degradation of DMI in eight days. Our results suggest that a consortium of microorganisms indigenous to the mangrove environment is responsible for mineralization of environmental pollutant DMI through biochemical cooperation.     

Comparing the Growth Characteristics of Three Bacteria Involved in Degrading Rubbers

Three bacteria isolated for degradation of rubbers were compared for their growth characteristics derived from the Bradford protein assay and turbidity (optical density, OD) measurement. Both Alcaligenes xylosoxidans T2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa GP10 were fast-growing bacteria while Nocardia corynebacterioides S3 was a slow grower utilizing rubber as the sole source of carbon and energy, but the extent of degradation was lower by the formers than the latter. A. xylosoxidans T2, P. aeruginosa GP10 and N. corynebacterioides S3 showed a typical sigmoidal growth pattern based on binding of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 to bacterial proteins and spectrophotometrical measurement at 600 nm. Both assays showed similar growth characteristics for all three bacteria in this study. Degradation of rubber was more pronounced by N. corynebacterioides S3 than either A. xylosoxidans T2 or P. aeruginosa GP10 during 70 days of incubation. Our results suggest that slow-growing bacteria may play a much greater role in degrading polymeric materials than was previously believed.     

基于MLP-ANN神经网络的河流泥沙输移对气候变化的响应

运用MLP-ANN神经网络方法,对金沙江中游一级支流龙川江的河流泥沙输移状况与气候变化之间的响应关系进行了研究。结果表明：（1）龙川江河流泥沙输移对温度、降雨量、降雨强度和径流量等气候因子响应直接,而对降雨频率、蒸发量和湿度的改变没有明显响应;（2）当不考虑径流因子时,MLP-ANN模型对泥沙输移的拟合有一个月的时滞效应,而考虑径流因子时,则没有时滞效应;（3）在1993年以后,河流泥沙输移对气候变化的响应出现明显偏移,显示有其它因素对龙川江的河流泥沙输移产生了强烈干扰。     

汶川地震汉源县烈度异常区地质构造背景分析

汉源县是汶川8.0级大地震Ⅵ度区内唯一的Ⅷ度异常区,是十分典型的远震烈度异常区.本文在汉源场地条件科考工作的基础上,对其城区及周边地质构造背景条件进行了分析,内容包括区域地层发育概况、区域主要断裂及其活动性、近场断裂分布状况及其对研究区的影响以及第四纪地质地貌的形态,结果表明研究区处于大渡河与流沙河阶地交汇处,河流阶地发育,地形切割深度差异较大,地质构造条件复杂,新构造运动强烈.对汉源县城区地质构造背景进行分析是对其地震烈度异常做出科学解释的前提和基础,进一步确定烈度异常的原因,因而具有极高的科学价值和重要的工程意义.     

试论环境库兹涅茨曲线在我国的非适用性及对策

改革开放以来,我国经济发展取得了举世瞩目得成就.特别是近几年,连续以两位数以上的速度增长.但是,在我国经济持续高速增长的同时,资源与环境问题越来越突出,并呈现与经济发展不协调的态势.环境库兹涅茨曲线(Environmental Kuznets Curve,简称EKC,以下同)所描述的随着经济发展环境质量最终会走向改善的情形(倒U型)在我国会重现吗?我国应采取哪些切实可行的环境政策呢?本文就上述问题作些探讨.     

Changes in soil fertility parameters and the environmental effects in a rapidly developing region of China

An extensive knowledge of the temporal variability of soil fertility parameters and how this variation affects the environment is imperative to a wide range of disciplines within agricultural science for optimal crop production and ecosystem preservation. This paper examines the temporal variability of soil pH, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (P_Av), and available potassium (K_Av) on Cambosols (Entisols) (n = 179) and Anthrosols (Inceptisols) (n = 95) in Zhangjiagang County, China from 1980 to 2004. Nutrient input was monitored from 1983 to 2004. Annual N fertilizer rates were significantly different during three periods (1983–1989, 1989–1999, 1999–2004), where annual rates increased significantly after 1989 and then decreased after 1999. Annual P fertilizer rates were significantly different during two periods (1983–1993, 1993–2004) where annual rates increased after 1993. No change was found in K fertilizer rates. Soil pH marginally increased by 0.14 units in Cambosols, but significantly decreased by 1.02 units in Anthrosols. OM, CEC, and TN increased in both soil orders an average of 2.15 g kg^?1, 1.6 cmol kg^?1, and 0.21 g kg^?1, respectively. TP decreased in Anthrosols by 70 mg kg^?1, P_Av increased in Cambosols by 4.83 mg kg^?1, and K_Av decreased in Cambosols by 15 mg kg^?1. Fertilizer input rates are causing nutrient imbalances, contributing to acidification in Anthrosols, and decreasing C/N ratios. Nutrient loading of N and deficiency of K is also a potential problem in the area. Efforts should be made to readjust soil nutrient inputs to reach an optimal, sustainable level.     

渔业污染事故调处存在的问题及对策

简要分析形成渔业污染事故调查处理难的成因,是由于渔业污染事故调处的法律规定不明确、机制不健全、技术保障不到位,并针对如何有效解决问题,提出环保、渔政、航政等机关应通力合作,从便于及时调处的角度,建立协调机构,以便及时迅速调处事故;从科学角度认识判断标准和证据,认识到渔业污染事故并非仅可能发生在法律规定的渔业水体中,各地应对重要渔业水体划定保护区,科学划定水产种质资源保护区等重要渔业水体,并及时向社会公布,采取相应措施保护水质环境;搞好监测,加强管理。     

苏南典型城区河网地区沉积物重金属调查研究

本研究对太湖上游集水区重要城市常州城区河网的12条主要河流开展了城市主要河道沉积物中的重金属分布状况及特征调查,采用Hakanson生态风险指数法对沉积物中的主要重金属对所在水域的污染程度及对水域和周围环境造成的潜在风险影响进行了评价。结果显示,常州河道沉积物已受到严重污染,不同类型河道的沉积物污染程度趋势为:城区>郊区>城市外围河道,其中以Hg的污染最重。