Carbon price impacts on sector cost:based on an input-output model of Beijing

Under the pressure of sustained growth in energy consumption in China,the implementation of a carbon pricing mechanism is an effective economic policy measure for promoting emission reduction,as well as a hotspot of research among scholars and policy makers.In this paper,the effects of carbon prices on Beijing’s economy are analyzed using input-output tables.The carbon price costs are levied in accordance with the products’embodied carbon emission.By calculation,given the carbon price rate of 10 RMB/t-CO₂,the total carbon costs of Beijing account for approximately 0.22-0.40%of its gross revenue the same year.Among all industries,construction bears the largest carbon cost Among export sectors,the coal mining and washing industry has much higher export carbon price intensity than other industries.Apart from traditional energy-intensive industries,tertiary industry,which accounts for more than 70%of Beijing’s economy,also bears a major carbon cost because of its large economic size.However,from 2007 to 2010,adjustment of the investment structure has reduced the emission intensity in investment sectors,contributing to the reduction of overall emissions and carbon price intensity.     

便携式 GC-MS在快速查找污染源中的应用

由挥发性有机物（VOCs）造成的“化工异味”污染问题,已成为淄博市临淄区的主要环境问题之一。当城区或某一区域闻到“化工异味”时,能不能利用HAPSITE便携式气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）,快速到达信访投诉问题的污染现场,通过及时、准确的取样分析,根据特征污染物及气象条件,帮助判断、查找出污染物来自哪家企业,以此敦促企业强化环境管理,明晰责任,最大限度的防止化工废气非正常排放,减少“化工异味”污染。经近一年的工作实践,当能检出一定浓度的特征污染物时,可有效帮助查找到污染源,减少了工作的盲动性与被动性。     

2008年阿左旗沙尘天气分析

本文通过对阿左旗2008年3－5月的空气总悬浮颗粒物浓度进行监测,分析该地区空气中颗粒物含量与沙尘天气状况。结果表明：根据空气总悬浮颗粒物浓度的沙尘天气分级标准,2008年3－5月大气中TSP平均浓度值分别为：0．556mg／m3,0．459mg／m3,0．395mg／m3,由3－5月总体呈现下降的趋势。阿左旗大气中TSP浓度符合国家环境空气质量二级标准。3－5月期间共发生9次沙尘天气,其中浮尘天气7次、扬沙天气2次。沙尘天气的频率以3月最高,4月其次,5月最低。     

SVR与BP神经网络对小流域次降雨侵蚀产沙预测结果的比较

运用支持向量回归机(Support Vector Regression Machine)与BP神经网络对小流域次降雨侵蚀产沙进行预测.侵蚀产沙输入变量选取降雨量、降雨强度、径流深和洪峰流量模数,流域次降雨侵蚀输沙量为输出变量.以SVR、BP神经网络的预测值与实际值的绝对误差和相对误差作为评价指标.实验表明,SVR的预测精度和稳定性优于BP神经网络.     

大庆市餐厨垃圾现状及处理技术探讨研究

在生活中,我们每个人每一天都会制造很多的生活垃圾,其中包括餐厨垃圾,它主要包括厨余和泔脚,二者的化学组成、物料结构以及初始微生物量均存在差异,并且餐厨垃圾会对人们的身体健康造成严重的影响,同时餐厨垃圾的乱倒乱扔,对于市容环境也存在一定的影响,严重时会影响到当地的生态平衡。本文对大庆市餐厨垃圾的来源、产生量、物理特征以及处理现状进行了认真的研究与分析,提出了适合大庆市市情的措施与对策,以实现餐厨垃圾的无害化、减量化和资源化。     

Corrective measures based on pressure control strategies for CO2 geological storage in deep aquifers

A prerequisite to the wide deployment at an industrial scale of CO₂ geological storage is demonstrating that potential risks can be efficiently managed. Corrective measures in case of significant irregularities, such as CO₂ leakage, are hence required as advocated by the recent European directive on Carbon Capture and Storage operations. In this regard, the objective of the present paper is to investigate four different corrective measures aiming at controlling the overpressure induced by the injection operations in the reservoir: stopping the CO₂ injection and relying on the natural pressure recovery in the reservoir; extracting the stored CO₂ at the injection well; extracting brine at a distant well while stopping the CO₂ injection, and extracting at a distant well without stopping the CO₂ injection. The efficiency of the measures is assessed using multi-phase fluid flow numerical simulations. The application case is the deep carbonate aquifer of the Dogger geological unit in the Paris Basin. A comparative study between the four corrective measures is then carried using a cost-benefit approach. Results show that an efficient overpressure reduction can be achieved by simply shutting-in the well. The overpressure reduction can be significantly accelerated by means of fluid extraction but the adverse consequences are the associated higher costs of the intervention operations.     

Photocatalytic defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid by surface defective BiOCl: Fast microwave solvothermal synthesis and photocatalytic mechanisms

There is an urgent need for developing cost-effective methods for the treatment of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)due to its global emergence and potential risks.In this study,taking surface-defective BiOCl as an example,a strategy of surface oxygen vacancy modulation was used to promote the photocatalytic defluorination efficiency of PFOA under simulated sunlight irradiation.The defective BiOCl was fabricated by a fast microwave solvothermal method,which was found to induce more surface oxygen vacancies than conventional solvothermal and precipitation methods.As a result,the asprepared BiOCl showed significantly enhanced defluorination efficiency,which was 2.7 and33.8 times higher than that of BiOCl fabricated by conventional solvothermal and precipitation methods,respectively.Mechanistic studies indicated that the defluorination of PFOA follows a direct hole(h~+)oxidation pathway with the aid of·OH,while the oxygen vacancies not only promote charge separation but also facilitate the intimate contact between the photocatalyst surface and PFOA by coordinating with its terminal carboxylate group in a bidentate or bridging mode.This work will provide a general strategy of oxygen vacancy modulation by microwave-assisted methods for efficient photocatalytic defluorination of PFOA in the environment using sunlight as the energy source.     

Prospect of China's ambient air quality standards

Ambient air quality standards are the core strategic goal of ambient air quality management. Countries worldwide have given importance to research on the development of ambient air quality standards. To understand the history of the development of China's ambient air quality standards, this study analyzed the background associated with all previous formulations and revisions of the standards, classification of functional areas, standard grading, pollutants, and evolution of the standard limits over the past 40 years. The results show that since the initial release of the “Ambient Air Quality Standard” by China in 1982, it has been supplemented once, revised twice, and modified twice. The first ambient air quality standard specified the standard limits of six pollutants commonly found in ambient air. With the development of ambient air quality management, the number of pollutants has increased to ten. Since the release of the “Ambient Air Quality Standards” in 2012, the ambient air quality in China has significantly improved. However, the proportion of cities meeting these standards is still low. At present, China is suitably positioned to make the standards associated with 24 hr SO₂ concentrations more stringent such that it meets the values defined in the World Health Organization (WHO) interim target-2 and the WHO air quality guideline (AQG). We further suggested that the SO₂ standard should be revised promptly. Simultaneously, regions with a relatively high proportion of cities meeting the standard are encouraged to introduce more stringent interim target limits in due course to manage the local ambient air quality.     

Optimization analysis of silver extraction from waste monolithic ceramic capacitor using persulfate-ammonia system

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Monolithic ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) contain a high level of silver. This paper describes a method to recover silver from the waste MLCCs. First,...