无机离子SO42-对小麦幼苗积累稀土的影响

采用ＭＩＮＴＥＱＡ 程序计算出在无机离子SO₄^2-存在下,轻（Ｌａ）、中（Ｇｄ）、重（Ｙ）３ 种稀土元素在溶液中的形态分布．研究了在水培条件下ＳＯSO₄^2-对３种稀土元素在小麦幼苗根、茎和叶部的积累规律．热力学实验表明,小麦幼苗在加SO₄^2-的稀土元素溶液中培养３０ｄ 后,小麦根部对Ｌａ、Ｇｄ 的积累受抑制,而对Ｙ的积累却明显提高;加入SO₄^2-后茎叶部对Ｌａ、Ｙ积累值改变不明显,但对Ｇｄ的积累有所增加．生长动态实验表明,在SO₄^2-存在下,小麦幼苗根部对稀土的积累随时间增加而增加,其积累值符合线性递增函数方程,相关系数ｒ＞ ０．９４;而茎叶部最初积累能力较强,SO₄^2-的加入对小麦植株动态吸收稀土规律无明显影响．     

试论海南省周边海岛开发利用存在的问题和对策

海南省周边海岛资源丰富,开发前景广阔,但海岛生态系统也极其脆弱,抵抗外来的干扰能力很差,一旦破坏很难恢复。同样海岛开发也面临诸多问题,主要包括海岛管理、海岛生态环境、海岛开发利用、海岛自然灾害和国防安全五个方面问题。本文通过对海南省海岛的利用现状、存在的问题进行综合分析,最后提出了海岛开发对策,为保护和合理开发利用海岛资源,促进海洋经济强省建设,助推海南省国际旅游岛建设都具有非常积极意义。     

基于政府监管与油气企业安全投资的博弈分析

石油天然气企业属于多工种的综合性企业,其生产过程是从寻找油气资源开始,到加工生产出合格的石油工业产品的整个过程。它包括了油气资源的勘探、钻井、油（气）田建设、采油采气、井下作业、油气集输、石油炼制等。     

太湖蓝藻暴发成因及其富营养化控制

根据近年太湖水质和生物监测资料，结合近年藻类生长趋势和区域污染物人湖状况，探讨近年夏季梅梁湖蓝藻暴发原因，并提出了控制太湖富营养化措施。     

Photocatalytic defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid by surface defective BiOCl: Fast microwave solvothermal synthesis and photocatalytic mechanisms

There is an urgent need for developing cost-effective methods for the treatment of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)due to its global emergence and potential risks.In this study,taking surface-defective BiOCl as an example,a strategy of surface oxygen vacancy modulation was used to promote the photocatalytic defluorination efficiency of PFOA under simulated sunlight irradiation.The defective BiOCl was fabricated by a fast microwave solvothermal method,which was found to induce more surface oxygen vacancies than conventional solvothermal and precipitation methods.As a result,the asprepared BiOCl showed significantly enhanced defluorination efficiency,which was 2.7 and33.8 times higher than that of BiOCl fabricated by conventional solvothermal and precipitation methods,respectively.Mechanistic studies indicated that the defluorination of PFOA follows a direct hole(h~+)oxidation pathway with the aid of·OH,while the oxygen vacancies not only promote charge separation but also facilitate the intimate contact between the photocatalyst surface and PFOA by coordinating with its terminal carboxylate group in a bidentate or bridging mode.This work will provide a general strategy of oxygen vacancy modulation by microwave-assisted methods for efficient photocatalytic defluorination of PFOA in the environment using sunlight as the energy source.     

Optimization analysis of silver extraction from waste monolithic ceramic capacitor using persulfate-ammonia system

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Monolithic ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) contain a high level of silver. This paper describes a method to recover silver from the waste MLCCs. First,...     

土壤盐碱化的灾害学定义及其风险评价体系

阐明土壤盐碱化的灾害学概念提出的必要性,并分析土壤盐碱化传统概念在风险评价和其造成的灾害损失评价中的局限性。从深入剖析土壤盐碱化成因出发,以对区域内整体生态环境及社会经济造成损失为判别依据,提出了土壤盐碱化的灾害学定义并论述其概念的内涵与组成。通过与传统土壤盐碱化概念的比较和分析,进一步阐述新概念所具备的进步性和实际应用意义,最后建立了土壤盐碱灾害风险评价体系。     

Diversity and structural characteristics of nitrogen-fixing bacterial community in tobacco-growing soils at different elevations in Panzhihua北大核心CSCD

固氮细菌在土壤氮素转换过程中发挥重要作用.为深入认识攀枝花地区农田土壤固氮细菌群落特征及其与土壤理化性质的关联性,以攀枝花米易县不同海拔高度(1 600 m、1 800 m、2 000 m)植烟土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术(high-throughput sequencing)对nifH基因进行测序,分析固氮细菌群落结构特征和多样性.结果显示,固氮酶活性随海拔升高而逐渐降低,并与土壤有机碳及全氮呈极显著正相关(P <0.01);固氮细菌群落多样性指数在海拔1 800 m处达到最大值.3个海拔土壤共获得高质量序列1 159 980条,所检测到的固氮细菌分属于4个门、11个纲、19个目、29个科、40个属.基于门分类水平分析结果,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在所有海拔土壤中均为优势固氮菌群,相对丰度达64.69%-78.36%;而蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)仅在海拔高度2 000 m时为优势类群.在属水平上,伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)相对丰度分别为海拔高度1 800 m与2 000 m土壤优势菌属,而类伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Paraburkholderia)是所有海拔土壤中的主要菌属.采用随机森林分析评估和筛选标志物种,确认Azohydromonas对固氮细菌群落结构差异存在重要影响.结合Pearson相关性分析与冗余分析结果,土壤含水量、硝态氮、碱解氮与有效磷是造成不同海拔土壤固氮细菌群落特征差异的主要环境因子.本研究表明海拔梯度及响应其变化的土壤理化因子,对调控固氮细菌群落结构与多样性有较大影响.(图8表3参41)     

自然资源保护委员会

自然资源保护委员会（简称NRDC）是美国最有影响力的环保组织。他们利用法律、科学手段和在线工具并在一百多万会员的支持下以保护地球野生生物及其栖息地,为所有生物提供一个健康的环境为己任。被Worth Magazine评为美国慈善团体百佳,并被“慈善指南”评为四星团体。《美国新闻与世界报道》说,NRDC的律师对环境法律的了解程度胜过政府机构的官员。     

Modelling the effects of water diversion and combined sewer overflow on urban inland river quality

In order to assist and optimize the operation of a clean water diversion project for the medium-sized inland rivers in Chaohu, China, an integrated hydrodynamic and water quality model was used in this study. Sixteen diversion scenarios and five sewage interception scenarios were defined to assess the improvement of water quality parameters including ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) under different diverted water flows, diverting times, diverting points, diverting routines and sewage interception proportions. An index of pollutant removal rate per unit diverted water flow (PRUWF) was proposed to evaluate the effect of the clean water diversion. Results show that operating conditions played important roles in water quality improvement of medium-sized inland rivers. The optimal clean water diversion was operated under the conditions of a flow rate of 5 m³/s for 48 h with an additional constructed bridge sluice. A global sensitivity analysis using the Latin Hypercube One-Factor-at-a-Time (LH-OAT) method was conducted to distinguish the contributions of various driving forces to inland river water restoration. Results show that sewage interception was more important than diverted water flow and diverting time with respect to water quality improvement, especially for COD.