嗜盐菌与高盐度废水生物处理研究进展

嗜盐菌指在高盐环境下生长的细菌,它主要生长在盐湖、盐场等浓缩海水中,以及腌鱼、盐兽皮等盐制品上。本文简要介绍了嗜盐菌的分类、形态特征和嗜盐机理。国内外学者采用了不同的工艺研究了高盐度废水生化处理的可行性,研究得出盐度对生物处理系统存在不同的影响,本文综述了盐度对生物处理系统有机物去除率和脱氮除磷效果的影响以及在污泥驯化过程中微生物相、优势菌种和污泥沉降性能的变化;总结了嗜盐菌在高盐度废水生物处理中的应用,为这方面的进一步研究提供参考。     

Removal of ammonium-N from ammonium-rich sewage using an immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC bioreactor system

A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads for NH4 +-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4 +-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up state during the first week. NH4 +-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between 84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 30 min. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77–5.80 mg/L, the NH4 +-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4 +-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C/N may cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4 +-N, NO3??-N and organic-N, and had a good performance for inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage.     

论生态安全

生态安全是指人类赖以生态和发展的生态环境处于健康和可持续发展状态，当代，人类生态系统处于脆弱状态。生态安全是区域和国家安全的重要组成部分。以国家安全、金融安全等具有同等重要的战略地位，我国生态安全正面临严峻的挑战，建立我国生态安全体系，十分紧迫。     

镁合金净化技术研究

利用金相分析、电镜、岛津材料试验机等方法研究了不同净化工艺对镁合金力学性能、组织、断口形貌的影响。结果表明 ,对于AZ91镁合金 ,精炼剂的用量不宜超过 3 .5 % ,浇注温度应控制在 72 0～ 730℃。采用熔剂、吹氩和过滤的复合净化处理工艺可以有效清除镁熔体中的夹杂物和气孔 ,使镁合金的性能得到极大的提高。经复合净化处理后的AZ91的σb和δ可分别达到 2 0 6 .1MPa和 5 .2 1 %。金相观察表明 ,净化处理对金相组织无明显的影响 ,不改变AZ91镁合金的断裂机理 ,断口均成准解理断裂     

水解酸化-接触氧化-混凝气浮工艺处理印染废水

采用水解酸化－接触氧化－混凝气浮组合工艺改造某印染废水处理工程，实践证明，该工艺具有处理效果好、出水水质稳定、操作管理方便、能耗低等优点，是处理该类印染废水的有效方法之一。     

好氧颗粒污泥处理青霉素废水研究

青霉素在其生产过中产生大量的废水,其COD值较高,生化性较差,成分复杂,微生物难以降解,其处理技术是世界性难题。文章采用以葡萄糖模拟废水培养的好氧颗粒污泥为接种体,经青霉素废水逐步驯化后,使其完全处理青霉素废水。实验结果表明,应用好氧颗粒污泥技术,处理青霉素废水,COD,NH3-N,TP去除率较高,具有很好的处理效果。     

不同伴随阴离子对水稻土铜吸附-解吸的影响研究

以上海水稻土为样品,研究了不同伴随离子条件下土壤对铜盐的吸附解吸特性。结果表明:伴随阴离子为硝酸根、氯离子和硫酸根离时水稻土中对铜吸附量为硝酸根<氯离子<硫酸根。水稻土中对铜盐的解吸量为氯离子<硝酸根<硫酸根。     

Dissimilatory reduction of Fe~III (EDTA) with microorganisms in the system of nitric oxide removal from the flue gas by metal chelate absorption

IntroductionThecombustionoffossilfuelsgeneratesSO2 andNOxpollutantswhichcauseairpollutionandacidrain .Existingfluegasdesulfurization(FGD)scrubbersinvolvelimestoneprocesses,whichareefficientforcontrollingSO2 emission ,butareincapableofremovingalmostwater i…     

突发大气环境污染事件应急处置阶段环境损害评估方法探索

以某天然气泄漏污染事件为例,构建了一套突发大气环境污染事件应急处置阶段环境损害的量化评估方法.从应急处置费用、生态环境损害两方面量化了该事件造成的环境污染损害.     

In vitro fluorescence displacement investigation of thyroxine transport disruption by bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical with high production volume and wide applications in many industries. Although BPA is known as an endocrine disruptor, its toxic mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Due to its structural similarity to thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), one possible mechanism of BPA toxicity is disruption of hormone transport by competitive binding with the transport proteins. In this study, the binding interactions of BPA, T4, and T3 with three thyroid hormone transport proteins, human serum albumin (HSA), transthyretin (TTR), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were investigated by fluorescence measurement. Using two site-specific fluorescence probes dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline, the binding constants of BPA with HSA at drug site I and site II were determined as 2.90 104 and 3.14 104 L/mol, respectively. By monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan, a binding constant of 4.70 103 L/mol was obtained. Similarly, by employing 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid as fluorescence probe, the binding a nity of BPA with TTR and TBG was measured to be 3.10 105 and 5.90 105 L/mol, respectively. In general, BPA showed lower binding a nity with the proteins than T3 did, and even lower a nity than T4. Using these binding constants, the amount of BPA which would bind to the transport proteins in human plasma was estimated. These results suggest that the concentrations of BPA commonly found in human plasma are probably not high enough to interfere with T4 transport.