Efficient degradation of lube off by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier.Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Pxl, Bacillus sp.Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization.The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances),which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm~2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

工业企业厂界环境噪声测量不确定度评定

近年来,随着社会经济生活的不断发展,人们的生活方式和居住环境都在发生着巨大的变化,环境噪声污染问题也越来越突出,也逐渐得到政府部门及城市普通居民的重视。国家修订了相关的噪声标准,用GB12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》取代了GB12348—90和GB12349—90。为了准确测量厂界噪声,引入噪声测量不确定度,通过对厂界噪声的测定分析,根据噪声背景值修正理论,分析修正的误差和测量不确定度,同时对厂界噪声测定不确定度作出评估。并提出为合理评价厂界噪声迭标与否．在噪声的监测报告中应对本次监测的不确定度进行评估。     

服务创新促进节能减排

进入21世纪后,世界经济发展面临着巨大的资源和环境压力,资源不足已成为中国经济发展的瓶颈。目前,在资源的使用上还存在着大量浪费,节能减排是减少资源浪费、提高资源利用效率的重要途径。本文从服务创新的角度研究节能减排,服务创新可通过非物质化和减物质化方式很好地促进节能减排,对如何加强服务创新促进节能减排提出了可行性建议。     

德国发展循环经济对中国的启迪

德国吸取了片面强调经济增长导致生态坏境破坏的惨痛教训,率先在国际上实行发展循环经济政策,在发展循环经济方面积累了丰富的经验,形成了独具特色的循环经济管理体系。借鉴德国先进经验,认为转变经济发展模式,发展循环经济是中国实现全面可持续发展的战略选择,介绍了德国在理论、实践方面的经验,对正处于经济水平与环境保护有待于进一步协调发展的中国而言,具有现实的参考意义。     

连环湖阿木塔泡沉积物中重金属形态及其对环境影响分析

采用了BCR三步提取法,对连环湖阿木塔泡AMT岩芯沉积物中的Mn、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb和Zn等7种重金属元素的化学形态进行了分析。结果表明：Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb、zn元素以残渣态为主,Mn元素以可交换态及碳酸盐结合态为主。Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb的有机物及硫化物结合态、Fe—Mn氧化物结合态含量较高,Zn的有机物及硫化物含量较高。其中,Mn、Cr、Ni和Pb对环境产生危害的可能性最大,对这几元素应该予以足够的关注。     

Efficient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

梅江上游水环境问题及五华县可持续发展的对策

文章对2002年-2008年梅江上游五华县境内水环境和水文调查数据进行了分析,结果表明:梅江上游五华段水体中铁、锰元素超标严重,同时存在着一定的有机污染,造成了水生生物的种类和数量不断减少,影响了五华县域经济可持续发展;五华河近30年的河床演变,水土流失问题依然存在,主槽下切的程度有逐年增加的趋势,跟上游来水、来沙条件及水沙关系变异、小水电、无序挖沙等人类活动等密切相关。最后从环境管理、污染源防治和区域综合整治等方面提出了相应的对策。     

Scenario analysis of water pollution control in the typical peri-urban river using a coupled hydrodynamic-water quality model

The water quality pollution and ecological deterioration in peri-urban rivers are usually serious under rapid urbanization and economic growth. In the study, a typical peri-urban river, Nansha River, was selected as a case study to discuss the scheme of peri-urban river rehabilitation. Located in the north part of the Beijing central region, the Nansha River watershed has been designated as an ecologically friendly garden-style area with high-tech industry parks and upscale residential zones. However, the Nansha River is currently seriously contaminated by urban and rural pollutants from both nonpoint sources (NPS) and point sources (PS). In this study, the pollutant loads from point sources and nonpoint sources in the Nansha River watershed were first assessed. A coupled model, derived from the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code and Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, was developed to simulate the hydrodynamics and water quality in the Nansha River. According to the characteristics of the typical peri-urban river, three different PS and NPS control scenarios were designed and examined by modeling analyses. Based on the results of the scenario analysis, a river rehabilitation scheme was recommended for implementation.     

应用高密度电法探测北京南口-孙河隐伏断裂

举例说明了高密度电法在北京南口-孙河活隐伏活动断层勘测中的应用,展现高密度电法在断层定位中的广阔应用前景。简单介绍了高密度电法的基本原理。视电阻率异常剖面揭示南口-孙河断裂为正断层,北东盘上升,南西盘下降,推测断裂倾角60°～68°。视电阻率异常剖面与钻孔资料对应较好,并与钻探资料分析的断裂活动特性基本吻合。     

Modeling Megacity Drinking Water Security under a DSS Framework in a Tidal River at the North Pearl River Delta,China

A modeling study was undertaken under a decision support system (DSS) for drinking water security in the Foshan section of the Beijiang River, a typical tidal river in the North Pearl River Delta. The DSS included a database layer, application support layer, and an application layer. As an integral part of the DSS application support layer, an integrated modeling system was developed to simulate hydrodynamics. The balance of dissolved oxygen and toxicants was based on an environmental fluid dynamics code and a water quality analysis simulation program (WASP) modeling framework. Model calibration and validation was undertaken using monitoring data in normal hydrological conditions. Four scenarios for the environmental management of water, including current water temp‐spatial feature analysis, control of pollution sources, and emergency response, were designed and analyzed in the DSS. The results indicated that the tide downstream has a distinct influence on hydrodynamics and pollutant diffusion, and the DSS could be used to design effective schemes to reduce pollutant discharges and provide emergency responses for ensuring drinking water security.