离子色谱双通道同时分析矿泉水中阴阳离子

建立了一种离子色谱双通道同时检测矿泉水中阴阳离子的方法。阴离子通道选择摘要SH-Anion-013的阴离子色谱柱,洗脱液为3.6mmol/LNa3CO2,流速0.7mL/min,采用抑制电导的检测模式。阳离子通道选择,SH-Cation-012的阳离子色谱柱,洗脱液为3.0mmol/L甲烷磺酸,流速1.0mL/min,采用直接电导的检测方法。结果表明,待测离子线性范围宽,相关性好(R>0.999)精密度高(RSD≤2.35%)实际样品加标回收率在92.5%~103.8%之间,完全满足检测要求,适用于矿泉水中阴阳离子的检测。     

某联合站轻烃回收装置职业病危害控制效果评价

目的:评估职业病防护设施防护效果,促进现场职业病防护,保护职工身体健康。方法:运用职业卫生检测法、现场调查法等方法对某建设项目进行职业病危害控制效果卫生学评价。结果:有毒物质检测均符合相关标准要求,天然气压缩机处噪声达94.3dB(A),超过职业接触限值。结论:改进噪声防护设施,达到相关标准要求。     

What motivates farmers to participate in sustainable agriculture? Evidence and policy implications

Sustained growth in agricultural productivity has become an ideal model and a political goal of agricultural development in China. Local participation is essential for the implementation of sustainable agriculture strategy. We conducted a case study in Hailun County, an important grain production base in China, to find ways to motivate farmers to participate in sustainable agriculture. We obtained data from semi-structured interviews of 98 households using participatory rural appraisal methods. Logistic regression models were used to explore factors that underlie farmers' attitudes towards agricultural production and their environmental awareness. Results indicated that low agricultural economic efficiency could result in less enthusiasm for agriculture among local farmers. This is a potential risk for China's food security and sustainable agricultural development. The backward development of the rural economy limited improvement of farmers' environmental awareness. Moreover, poor rural labour quality implied a lack of local participation in sustainable agriculture. Suggestions for sustainable agricultural development include establishment of a reasonable market and agricultural subsidy mechanisms, basic and vocational education for young adults, effective agricultural instruction and environmental education agencies and two-way communication mechanisms.     

渭河浮游生物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

渭河是黄河第一大支流,是黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的重要研究区域.为了掌握渭河浮游生物组成结构及生态环境现状,于2018—2019年分两个季节在渭河开展4次水生态调查,研究分析了渭河浮游生物群落结构特征及其影响因子.调查结果显示,浮游植物有8门53种,以绿藻门和硅藻门为主,占比分别为43.4％、33.9％;浮游动物4...     

正定矩阵因子分解模型在环境中多环芳烃源解析方面的应用

<正>定矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)自1993年开发至今,其在环境中持久性有毒物质(PTS),尤其是多环芳烃(PAHs)源解析中的应用取得了重大研究进展。简要介绍了PMF模型的基本原理,在综述该模型用于土壤/沉积物、大气及水体中PAHs源解析现状的基础上,结合其在实际工作的应用,评述了其在环境中PAHs源解析方面的应用潜力及发展前景。     

Effects of Al3+ on the microstructure and bioflocculation of anoxic sludge

The aluminum ions generated from mining aluminum,electrolytic aluminum and the industrial production of aluminum-based coagulants(such as AlCl_3 and Al_2(SO_4)_3) enter sewage treatment plants and interact with activated sludges.An anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A~2 O) process was used to reveal the effects of Al~(3+) on the pollutant removal efficiencies,bioflocculation and the micro structure of sludge.The results showed that a low concentration of Al~(3+) improved the pollutant removal efficiencies and increased the sludge particle size.However,a high concentration of Al~(3+) hindered microbial flocculation and reduced the pollutant removal efficiencies.With a 10 mg/L Al~(3+) addition,the chemical oxygen demand(COD),total nitrogen(TN) and NH_4~+-N increased by 3%,16% and 27%,and reached as high as 68%,60% and 87%,respectively.At the same time,the dehydrogenase activity,flocculation ability(FA) and contact angle of the sludge reached their maximum levels at 41.3 mg/L/hr,45% and 79.63°,respectively.The specific surface area of the sludge decreased to 7.084 m2/g and the sludge pore size distribution shifted to concentrate in the me soporous range.Most of Al~(3+) was adsorbed on the surface of sludge,changing the physicochemical properties and physical structure of the sludge.     

Enantioselective effects of imazethapyr residues on Arabidopsis thaliana metabolic profile and phyllosphere microbial communities

Imazethapyr (IM) is a widely used acetolactate synthase-inhibiting chiral herbicide. It has long-term residuals that may be absorbed by the human body through the edible parts of plants, such as vegetable leaves or fruits. Here, we selected a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, to determine the effects of R-IM and S-IM on its leaf structure, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolites, as well as the structures of microorganisms in the phyllosphere, after 7 days of exposure. Our results indicated enantiomeric differences in plant growth between R-IM and S-IM; 133 µg/kg R-IM showed heavier inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency and greater changes to subcellular structure than S-IM. R-IM and S-IM also had different effects on metabolism and leaf microorganisms. S-IM mainly increased lipid compounds and decreased amino acids, while R-IM increased sugar accumulation. The relative abundance of Moraxellaceae human pathogenic bacteria was increased by R-IM treatment, indicating that R-IM treatment may increase leaf surface pathogenic bacteria. Our research provides a new perspective for evaluating the harmfulness of pesticide residues in soil, phyllosphere microbiome changes via the regulation of plant metabolism, and induced pathogenic bacterial accumulation risks.     

改性海绵铁深度除磷及其再生磷回收方法

为了从污染水体中去除磷并有效回收磷资源,本文研究了海绵铁改性前后吸附除磷特性,并构建海绵铁除磷渗滤床,考察了其连续流除磷特性及再生活化方法,并探究再生废液中磷回收生成鸟粪石的工艺条件.结果表明:硫酸改性后的海绵铁对磷的最大理论吸附容量从改性前4.17 mg·g~(-1)提升至18.18 mg·g~(-1).吸附饱和的改性海绵铁,采用1 mol·L~(-1)氢氧化钠解吸和6%硫酸再活化后,能够达到98%的活化率.海绵铁除磷渗滤床在长达约200 d的连续流运行实验中表现出良好的除磷能力,在进水TP=10 mg·L~(-1),HRT=1 h条件下,磷综合去除率达30%～89%,累积单位容积磷吸附量达到6.95 kg·m~(-3).海绵铁碱再生后的废液可以用于回收鸟粪石,其最佳生成条件为:pH=10,n(Mg~(2+))∶n(PO_4~(3-))∶n(NH~+_4)=1.3∶1∶1.1.在最优条件下,磷回收率可以达到97.8%.本研究提供的方法对于污染水体中磷营养元素的去除及回收利用具有理论与实践意义.     

Au/Fe3O4/GO复合SERS基底的制备及对水溶液中低浓度芘的富集-检测

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为载体,利用静电吸附将氨基修饰的Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒负载到GO表面得到GO-Fe_3O_4复合材料,再通过静电作用将Au纳米颗粒与GO-Fe_3O_4复合材料组装,制备了Au/Fe_3O_4/GO复合材料,并考察其表面增强拉曼(SERS)活性.首先以罗丹明B(Rh B)为探针分子,考察Au纳米颗粒的粒径对SERS性能的影响,发现平均粒径为40 nm的Au纳米颗粒具有最好的SERS效果.SERS检测性能随着Au负载量的提高而逐渐变优,Au/GO中Au负载量为20%时最优.以多环芳烃分子芘为探针分子,探究Au/Fe_3O_4/GO复合材料中各组分对SERS性能的影响发现,Au纳米颗粒对拉曼信号的增强起主要作用,GO可以通过化学增强效应及对芘的吸附富集作用有效提高SERS检出限,Fe_3O_4的存在可以使基底快速分离,简化实验步骤,便于基底重复利用.该方法对水溶液中芘的检出限达到10-8mol·L-1,相对于普通拉曼的检出限有了明显的降低,有望被用于环境中痕量多环芳烃的富集-检测.     

双重冗余控制系统故障安全性的研究

为了获得或改善计算机控制系统的安全性 ,从确保系统故障后导向安全的角度出发 ,深入地探讨了双重动态冗余控制系统的故障 安全性 ,从理论上对冗余控制系统故障 安全性进行了分析和推导 ,给出了一般性结论 ,并结合铁路信号计算机控制系统 ,对双重冗余控制系统故障 安全性的设计规则和方法进行了实践与探讨