MDAT-IAT同步脱氮除磷工艺活性污泥在不同基质中的厌氧释磷特性研究

对改进型MDATIAT(ModifiedDemandedAerationTankIntermittentAerationTank)同步脱氮除磷工艺中活性污泥在不同基质下的厌氧释磷特性进行了研究.在葡萄糖、甲酸钠、乙酸钠和丙酸钠4种单一基质中,活性污泥厌氧释磷量分别为1.58、3.55、3.04和1.86mg·L-1;释磷速率分别达到0.02、0.05、0.15和0.10mg·L-1·min-1.另外,在葡萄糖、甲酸钠、乙酸钠和丙酸钠组成的混合基质中的活性污泥厌氧释磷试验结果表明,混合基质中活性污泥释磷量和释磷速率均大于4种单一基质中的释磷量和释磷速率,分别达到8.51mg·L-1和0.31mg·L-1·min-1.     

一株铅镉抗性菌株WS34的生物学特性及其对植物修复铅镉污染土壤的强化作用

从土壤样品中筛选出一株对碳酸铅、碳酸镉活化能力最强的铅镉抗性细菌WS34,并研究其生物学特性.经生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,菌株WS34被鉴定为伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia sp.WS34).菌株WS34对多种重金属和抗生素具有抗性,具有溶磷、分泌吲哚乙酸、产生铁载体和ACC脱氨酶的能力,并对温度、pH、盐浓度具有一定耐受性.利用盆栽试验研究了菌株WS34、EDTA及EDTA和WS34复合3种处理下对印度芥菜和油菜生长及富集铅镉能力的影响.结果表明,菌株WS34能促进供试植物生长,使印度芥菜和油菜的干重分别比对照增加21.4%～76.3%和18.0%～236%,铅镉积累量比对照增加9.0%～46.4%和13.9%～329%,且油菜中的增加量大于印度芥菜.EDTA能使印度芥菜和油菜的铅镉积累量比对照分别增加25.1%～475%和10.1%～84.5%.0.5mmol·kg-1EDTA 菌株WS34的复合处理下,植物的重金属吸收量与EDTA处理相当甚至高于EDTA处理.     

穗港晴沙两重天——2010年3月17—23日珠三角典型灰霾过程分析

随着经济规模迅速扩大和城市化进程加快,大气气溶胶污染日趋严重,由细粒子气溶胶造成的能见度恶化事件越来越多,这些人类活动排放的污染物,可形成灰霾天气致使能见度下降.2010年3月17-23日,在珠三角地区发生了一次典型灰霾天气过程,同期20日左右,中亚、蒙古国与我国北方发生了当年沙尘天气影响范围最广的一次强沙尘暴过程,冷...     

红壤中镧积累对水稻的生理生态效应

通过盆栽试验 ,研究了红壤中稀土元素镧对水稻的生长发育 ,产量和一些对环境敏感的生理生化指标的影响 .结果表明 ,La浓度为 75mg·kg-1时水稻的生育期明显滞后 ,La浓度为 30 0mg·kg-1时水稻的生长显著受到抑制 ,产量显著降低 ,水稻生物量降低一半的EC50 =32 3 0 2mg·kg-1.La浓度为 75mg·kg-1时水稻的叶绿素a b显著降低 ,POD活性、细胞质膜透性和游离脯氨酸含量显著增高 .     

Hydrothermal fabrication and visible-light-driven photocatalytic properties of bismuth vanadate with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures for Methyl Orange degradation

Monoclinic BiVO₄ with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures were fabricated using the hydrothermal strategy. The materials were characterized by means of the XRD, Raman, TGA/DSC, SEM, XPS, and UV-Vis techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the BiVO₄ materials were evaluated for the degradation of Methyl Orange under visible-light irradiation. It is observed that pH value and surfactant exerted a great effect on the morphology and pore structure of the BiVO₄ product. Spherical BiVO₄ with porous structures, flower-cluster-like BiVO₄, and flower-bundle-like BiVO₄ were generated hydrothermally at 100℃ with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and urea (pH = 2) and at 160℃ with NaHCO₃ (pH = 7 and 8), respectively. The PVP-derived BiVO₄ showed much higher surface areas (5.0-8.4 m²/g) and narrower bandgap energies (2.45-2.49 eV). The best photocatalytic performance of the spherical BiVO₄ material with a surface area of 8.4 m²/g was associated with its higher surface area, narrower bandgap energy, higher surface oxygen vacancy density, and unique porous architecture.     

La0.5Ca0.5Ni0.5Fe0.5O3催化剂的制备及其对生物质热解特性的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了La0.5Ca0.5Ni0.5Fe0.5O3纳米粉体,并通过XRD、SEM、TG-DTA等手段对所合成的样品进行了分析和表征.结果表明,采用碳酸铵作为共沉淀剂、聚乙二醇为分散剂,在600℃下煅烧6h可作为实验制备该催化剂粉体的最优条件.用实验室自制热解催化炉验证其对生物质热解的效果,实验结果表明,采用La0.5Ca0.5Ni0.5Fe0.5O3催化剂,生物质热解过程中焦油产量降低了12.4%,气体产率提高了14.0%,气体产物中一氧化碳、甲烷含量分别从33.8%和15.1%提高到了38.5%和18.4%,燃气的品质大大提升.     

不同酸性气体及相对湿度对海盐氯损耗过程的影响

使用在广州南村站、深圳竹子林站及西涌站的MARGA仪器实测资料,分析了不同酸性气体及相对湿度对海盐氯损耗过程的影响.在分析深圳竹子林站、西涌站的海盐氯损耗中发现,竹子林站氯损耗平均为48.0％,西涌站海盐氯损耗平均为56.9％,氯损耗的峰值一般出现于下午14时.西涌站、竹子林站和广州南村站酸性气体和碱性气体均以HNO2、SO2、NH3为主,但各站点的比例分布不同,西涌站以HNO2最多(42％),SO2(32％)次之;竹子林站以NH3与SO2为主,百分比分别为36％和34％;广州南村站以SO2为主(58％),NH3次之(20％);而三站HNO3所占比例很小,均为7％.另外,分析了HCl的来源,主要关注了海盐粒子中的NaCl与HNO3反应、NH4Cl的挥发及H2SO4与NaCl的反应这3个来源,发现西涌站与竹子林站HCl和HNO3之间的线性关系较好(R2西涌=0.689,R2竹子林=0.594),说明西涌站与竹子林站的HCl主要来源于NaCl与HNO3反应过程中Cl被HNO3置换而成;而广州南村站二者线性关系较差(R2南村=0.295),说明还存在其他的损耗机制.在研究相对湿度对氯损耗的影响中发现,相对湿度低时氯损耗更容易发生.     

Effects of calcined aluminum salts on the advanced dewatering and solidification/stabilization of sewage sludge

The high moisture content (80%) in the sewage dewatered sludge is the main obstacle to disposal and recycling. A chemical dewatering and stabilization/solidification (S/S) alternative for the sludge was developed, using calcined aluminum salts (AS) as solidifier, and CaCl2, Na2SO4 and CaSO4 as accelerators, to enhance the mechanical compressibility making the landfill operation possible. The properties of the resultant matrixes were determined in terms of moisture contents, unconfined compressive strength, products of hydration, and toxicity characteristics. The results showed that AS exhibited a moderate pozzolanic activity, and the mortar AS0 obtained with 5% AS and 10% CaSO4 of AS by weight presented a moisture contents below 50%–60% and a compressive strength of (51.32 ± 2.9) kPa after 5–7 days of curing time, meeting the minimum requirement for sanitary landfill. The use of CaSO4 obviously improved the S/S performance, causing higher strength level. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetrydifferential scanning calorimetry investigations revealed that a large amount of hydrates (viz., gismondine and CaCO3) were present in solidified sludge, leading to the depletion of evaporable water and the enhancement of the strength. In addition, the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and horizontal vibration (HJ 557-2009) leaching test were conducted to evaluate their environmental compatibility. It was found that the solidified products conformed to the toxicity characteristic criteria in China and could be safely disposed of in a sanitary landfill.     

具菲降解特性植物内生细菌的分离筛选及其生物学特性

从长期受石油污染的植物体内分离到内生细菌36株,通过平皿促生和定殖试验筛选出1株能高效降解菲并明显促进小麦生长、能在小麦体内良好定殖的内生细菌7J2菌株.同时,对菌株7J2的生物学特性进行了研究.结果表明,菌株7J2在菲含量为30 mg·L-1的条件下,28℃振荡培养6d,菲的降解率达到99.81%.菌株7J2能够产生吲哚乙酸(IAA)(3.4±0.2)mg·L-1)和铁载体(2,3-二羟基苯甲酸)(4.3±1.6) mg·L-1).振荡培养3d,接活菌的培养基中有效磷浓度比接灭活菌的处理增加了32.5%.另外,菌株7J2对重金属Pb2 、Cr2 、Cu2 、Ni2 、Zn2 、Cd2 均有较强的抗性.通过16SrDNA序列测定,菌株7J2属于肠杆菌属.     

电助光催化氧化过程中羟基自由基(OH·)的定量分析

电助光催化氧化技术是一种增强型的光催化氧化技术,应用前景广阔.对电助光催化氧化过程中产生的羟基自由基(OH·)进行定量分析对进一步探讨电场辅助作用机理十分重要.以对氯苯甲酸为探针化合物对电助光催化氧化过程中的OH·进行定量分析,发现电助光催化氧化过程中的OH·浓度是普通光催化氧化过程的2倍.对苯甲酰胺进行电助光催化氧化降解试验,求得了苯甲酰胺与羟基自由基的二级反应动力学常数.研究还对电场辅助作用机理进行了分析.