电化学氢自养与硫自养集成去除饮用水中的硝酸盐

研究了一种电化学氢自养与硫自养集成去除饮用水中硝酸盐的方法，将2种自养反硝化集成，既可减少以硫作为电子供体产生的SO4^2-，也可以使硫自养反硝化产生的H^ 作为电化学产氢的前驱物。同时，在硫自养段可不添加调pH的CaCO3，避免了出水的硬度升高。试验结果表明，在反应器的水力停留时间（HRT）为1．9－5h，最小电流相应为3－16mA时，NO3^--N去除率达90％以上，出水中NO3^--N和SO4^2-浓度分别低于3．0mg/L和170mg/L,NO2^--N未检出，硫段和电氢段出水pH值均维持在中性附近。     

Effects of calcined aluminum salts on the advanced dewatering and solidification/stabilization of sewage sludge

The high moisture content (80%) in the sewage dewatered sludge is the main obstacle to disposal and recycling. A chemical dewatering and stabilization/solidification (S/S) alternative for the sludge was developed, using calcined aluminum salts (AS) as solidifier, and CaCl2, Na2SO4 and CaSO4 as accelerators, to enhance the mechanical compressibility making the landfill operation possible. The properties of the resultant matrixes were determined in terms of moisture contents, unconfined compressive strength, products of hydration, and toxicity characteristics. The results showed that AS exhibited a moderate pozzolanic activity, and the mortar AS0 obtained with 5% AS and 10% CaSO4 of AS by weight presented a moisture contents below 50%–60% and a compressive strength of (51.32 ± 2.9) kPa after 5–7 days of curing time, meeting the minimum requirement for sanitary landfill. The use of CaSO4 obviously improved the S/S performance, causing higher strength level. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetrydifferential scanning calorimetry investigations revealed that a large amount of hydrates (viz., gismondine and CaCO3) were present in solidified sludge, leading to the depletion of evaporable water and the enhancement of the strength. In addition, the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and horizontal vibration (HJ 557-2009) leaching test were conducted to evaluate their environmental compatibility. It was found that the solidified products conformed to the toxicity characteristic criteria in China and could be safely disposed of in a sanitary landfill.     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an airlift intermittent circulation membrane bioreactor

A new airlift intermittent circulation integrated bioreactor was developed for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal of wastewater, in which, circulation of mixed liquid between mixing zone and aeration zone was realized by aeration power, alternately anaerobic/anoxic bio-environment in mixing zone was realized by intermittent circulation and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal was obtained through strengthened denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Removal performance of the reactor was investigated and pollutant removal and transfer mechanism in one operation circle was analyzed. The experiment results indicated that under the influent condition of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 642.1 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) of 87.4 mg/L and PO₄^3--P of 12.1 mg/L, average removal efficiencies of COD, TN and PO₄^3--P reached 96.4%, 83.2% and 90.5%, respectively, with the hydraulic residence time of 22 hr and operation circle time of 185 min. Track studies indicated that the separation of aeration and mixing zones and intermittent circulation of mixed liquid between the two zones provided distinct biological environments spatially and temporally, which ensured the occurrence of multifunctional microbial reactions.     

一株溶藻细菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特性

从对藻类及藻毒素有良好去除作用的海绵固定化微生物系统中分离到一株溶藻细菌P0 7,对该菌溶解铜绿微囊藻(Microcystisaeruginosa)、栅藻(Scenedesmus)及小球藻(Chlorella)的效果、溶藻方式进行了研究,利用16SrDNA序列分析对其进行了鉴定.结果表明,该菌株不但对铜绿微囊藻具有良好的溶解效果,而且对淡水中常见的栅藻及小球藻也具有良好的去除作用.初始菌浓度越大,溶藻效果越明显,达到最佳溶藻效果的时间越短.当菌浓度为2 . 4×10 7个·mL- 1 时,3d后铜绿微囊藻的去除率可达到81 .67% .该菌溶藻无需菌体与藻细胞直接接触,是通过分泌某种非蛋白质类物质溶藻.该菌革兰氏染色呈阳性,可运动;不能利用大多数常见碳源.16SrDNA序列分析表明,P0 7菌株与多株芽孢杆菌的16SrDNA核苷酸序列的同源性均在99. 7%以上,归属于芽孢杆菌属.     

鄱阳湖双退区受损湿地植被恢复对水质的影响

退化湿地的植被恢复有助于提高湿地生物多样性和净化水体功能。通过监测鄱阳湖双退区（湿地）生态恢复过程中前后水质变化,分析了不同植被覆盖率和植物残体分解对水质的影响。结果表明,在植物生长期间,湿地水体TN质量浓度下降65.4%～71.3%,NO3--N也呈较大幅度下降,并能降低水体TP浓度水平;高植被覆盖增加水体叶绿素质量浓度水平,中低植被覆盖不影响水体叶绿素质量浓度,植被覆盖能有效保持水体较高透明度,但不能降低水体COD质量浓度。在枯水期,高植被覆盖因为植物残体分解使氮素回流水体,导致水体含TN,NH4＋-N,NO3-_N质量浓度显著升高,中低植被覆盖植物残体分解同样显著增加水体氮素,但增加程度小于高植被覆盖;植物残体分解不影响水体TP质量浓度水平;高植被覆盖植物残体分解增加水体叶绿素质量浓度,中低植被覆盖则无影响;高中低植被覆盖区植物残体分解都显著增加水体混浊度,也提高了水体的BOD,对水体COD没有影响。     

胶州湾多毛类环节动物数量分布与环境因子的关系

根据1998~2002年胶州湾10个站各季度大型底栖动物调查结果,讨论了多毛类环节动物在各站出现种数、生物量、栖息密度与环境因子的关系.结果表明,海底底质是影响多毛类数量分布与变化的重要因子,沙质软泥有利于多毛类生长,而粗沙砾石底质多毛类分布较少;春季多毛类种数、生物量和栖息密度均较高;在一定条件下,盐度是多毛类的限制因子,当盐度升高时,其生物量和栖息密度呈增加趋势.图2表6参14     

浙江省生态功能区划研究

在浙江省生态环境现状调查的基础上,运用GIS等先进技术,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,对浙江省生态环境现状、生态环境敏感性和生态服务功能重要性进行评价,形成浙江省生态功能区划方案,将浙江省划分为6个生态区、15个生态亚区、47个生态功能区,并确定了具有重要生态系统服务功能的5个重要生态功能区域.区划成果为浙江生态省建设规划的实施、资源的合理利用和工农业生产合理布局提供了科学依据.     

硫碳比对芦苇碳源-硫耦合表面流湿地脱氮的影响

针对农田退水中NO₃--N占比高、碳氮比低的问题,提出PS-SFW（Phragmites australis and sulfur combined surface flow constructed wetland,芦苇碳源-硫耦合表面流人工湿地）,对其强化农田退水脱氮的可行性进行了研究,并与SFW₀（无芦苇碳源-硫填充的常规表面流湿地）进行对比,重点研究了HRT（水力停留时间）为3、2、4 d条件下S/C（质量比,分别为0.32、0.56）对PS-SFW脱氮效能的影响.结果表明,HRT为3 d（第29~40天）时,PS-SFW_0.32（S/C比为0.32）、PS-SFW_0.56（S/C比为0.56）和SFW₀的w（NO₃--N）分别为55.9%±11.0%、66.0%±10.0%和7.0%±3.0%,w（TN）分别为36.9%±1.0%、40.3%±3.0%和4.5%±2.0%,PS-SFW_0.56对TN和NO₃--N去除效能高于PS-SFW_0.32,远高于SFW₀;HRT为4 d时（第41~81天）及HRT为3 d（第130~149天）时,PS-SFW_0.32、PS-SFW_0.56、SFW₀的w（NO₃--N）为66.3%±5.0%、90.5%±4.0%、14.4±4.0%和53.4%±3.0%、62.9%±10.0%、48.5%±5.0%,w（TN）为55.5%±5.0%、75.4%±5.0%、14.4%±3.0%和48.8%±2.0%、57.5%±6.0%、44.1%±5.0%,PS-SFW_0.56对NO₃--N和TN的去除效能均优于PS-SFW_0.32,并且优于SFW₀.HRT为2 d（第82~129天）时,PS-SFW_0.32、PS-SFW_0.56、SFW₀的w（NO₃--N）为47.7%±7.0%、46.6%±6.0%和26.8%±4.0%,w（TN）为37%±6.0%、36.6%±6.0%和24.0%±3.0%,PS-SFW_0.32、PS-SFW_0.56对氮的去除效能接近,但仍优于SFW₀.研究显示,PS-SFW运行条件应优选S/C为0.56、HRT为4 d.      

低成本含磷材料修复环境重金属污染的研究进展

低成本含磷材料包括磷灰石、骨粉、无机磷肥及无机磷酸盐，其对环境重金属污染的修复值得引起生态学、环境学更广泛的重视。详细介绍了：（1）各类低成本含磷材料结构性质；（2）含磷材料在修复土壤、沉积物、水体重金属污染方面的应用；（3）含磷材料修复环境重金属污染的机理及影响因素；（4）含磷材料修复环境重金属污染的效果评价等方面的研究进展及发展前景。     

The effect of different surface materials on runoff quality in permeable pavement systems

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To investigate the effect of different permeable pavement surface materials on the removal of pollutants from urban storm-runoff, six commonly surface...