Performance of bioferric-submerged membrane bioreactor for dyeing wastewater treatment

Adding iron salt or iron hydroxide to sludgemixed liquor in an aeration tank of a conventional activated sludge processes (bioferric process) can simultaneously improve the sludge’s filterability and enhance the system’s treatment capacity. In view of this, Fe(OH)₃ was added to a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) to enhance the removal efficiency and to mitigate membrane fouling. Bioferric process and SMBR were combined to create a novel process called Bioferric-SMBR. A side-by-side comparison study of Bioferric-SMBR and common SMBR dealing with dyeing wastewater was carried out. Bioferric-SMBR showed potential superiority, which could enhance removal efficiency, reduce membrane fouling and improve sludge characteristic. When volumetric loading rate was 25% higher than that of common SMBR, the removal efficiencies of Bioferric-SMBR on COD, dye, and NH₄ ⁺-N were 1.0%, 9.5%, and 5.2% higher than that of common SMBR, respectively. The trans-membrane pressure of Bioferric-SMBR was only 36% of that in common SMBR while its membrane flux was 25% higher than that of common SMBR. The stable running period in Bioferric-SMBR was 2.5 times of that in common SMBR when there was no surplus sludge discharged. The mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of Bioferric-SMBR was higher than that of common SMBR with more diversified kinds of microorganisms such as protozoans and metazoans. The mean particle diameter and specific oxygen uptake rate of Bioferric-SMBR were 3.10 and 1.23 times the common SMBR, respectively. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(6): 65–70 [译自: 环境科学]     

Detection of Escherichia coli in wastewater based on enzyme immunoassay

This research describes a fast detection method on the basis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Escherichia coli in drainage of wastewater treatment plants. Optimized conditions such as the reaction format (sandwich or direct), the concentrations of diluted horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-E. coli conjugate, and anti-HPR antibody and pretreatment of E. coli were studied. Those results showed that the linear range of detection for E. coli was 10 cfu/mL-6 × 10⁴ cfu/mL. Compared with conventional methods, it is a convenient and sensitive detection method with low cost.     

抗砷载体的构建及在氧化亚铁硫杆菌中的表达

利用ＤＮＡ体外重组技术，将抗砷质粒ｐＵＭ３经ＨｉｎｄⅢ酶切后得到的４．３ｋｂ抗砷片段克隆到有广泛寄主的ＩｎｃＱ质粒ｐＪＲＤ２１５的ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点上，构建了一个新的抗砷质粒ｐＳＤＸ３。砷抗性研究表明，在大肠杆菌中，ｐＳＤＸ３的抗砷水平与ｐＵＭ３相近。将ｐＳＤＸ３通过接合的方式引入氧化亚铁硫杆菌Ｔｆ－５９中并得到了表达，与对照相比，含质粒ｐＳＤＸ３的Ｔｆ－５９抗砷水平有了很大的提高。     

生物膜填料塔对低浓度甲苯废气的净化性能研究

在扩大的实验装置上，考察研究了入口气体甲苯浓度、气体流量、液体喷淋量、填料层高度、操作方式等因素对生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯废气性能的影响，取得了一定的基础数据，为下一步的工业应用提供依据。     

化感作用及其在环境保护中的应用

生物体产生生物活性物质即化感物质在生物体之间传递信息并导致生物体相互作用 ,这称为化感作用。化感作用是一个崭新的研究领域。本文介绍了化感作用的概念、分类、不同生物体之间化感作用的作用机理 ,并着重论述了化感作用在环境保护中的应用途径、实例及建议。     

铁交联累托石处理工业镀锌废水试验研究

介绍了铁交联累托石的制备 ,研究了交联累托石对含锌废水的处理。结果表明 :当交联累托石的用量为 1 2g/L废水、pH =4、常温搅拌吸附 90min时 ,Zn2 + 由 12 2 5mg/L降为 0 97mg/L ,达到国标GHZBI 1999地表水质量一级标准。累托石对Zn2 + 吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附 :Γ =0 34C0 492 3 ,动力学试验表明 :吸附反应为一级反应方程 :lnCt=lnC0 -0 340 6t,其相关系数r =0 95 18,试验测得其热力学函数为 :ΔH =1 91kJ/mol,ΔS =6 90J/mol·K ,ΔG =- 0 16kJ/mol,说明该吸附过程可自发进行     

Insight into the adsorption of tetracycline onto amino and amino–Fe~(3+) gunctionalized mesoporous silica: Effect of functionalized groups

In order to study the influences of functionalized groups onto the adsorption of tetracycline,we prepared a series of amino and amino–Fe~(3+)complex mesoporous silica adsorbents with diverse content of amino and Fe~(3+)groups(named N,N-SBA15 and Fe-N,N-SBA15).The resulting mesoporous silica adsorbents were fully characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR)and N_2adsorption/desorption isotherms.Furthermore,the effects of functionalized groups on the removal of TC were investigated.The results showed that the periodic ordered structure of SBA-15 was maintained after modification of amino/Fe~(3+)groups.The functionalized amino groups decreased the adsorption capacity while the coordinated Fe~(3+)increased the adsorption capacity.The adsorption kinetics of TC fitted pseudo-second-order model well and the equilibrium was achieved quickly.The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model well and with the Fe~(3+)content increased from 3.93%to 8.26%,the Q_(max)of the adsorbents increased from 102 to 188 mmol/kg.The solution p H affected the adsorption of TC onto amino complex adsorbents slightly while influenced the adsorption onto Fe-amine complex adsorbents greatly.The adsorption of TC on SBA15 and N,N-SBA15 may be related to the formation of outer-sphere surface complexes,while the adsorption of TC onto Fe-N,N-SBA15 was mainly attributed to the inner-sphere surface complexes.This study could offer potential materials that have excellent adsorption behavior for environmental remediation and suggested useful information for the preparing other adsorbents in environmental applications.     

接种丛枝菌根真菌对诸葛菜生理指标和氮磷钙吸收的影响

为了探究AM（Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,丛枝菌根）真菌对于喀斯特地区石漠化治理的应用,以石灰土为培养基质模拟喀斯特高钙环境,选用4种球囊霉属的AM真菌（BEG-141、BEG-167、BEG-168、BEG-193）作为供试菌种接种喀斯特适生植物——诸葛菜（Orychophragmus violaceus）进行模拟研究.选取诸葛菜的全株生物量、净光合速率值、水分利用率为生理指标同时以氮磷钙为代表元素,通过对比接种和非接种试验,研究AM真菌对宿主植物生理状态的影响.结果表明:接种AM真菌对喀斯特适生植物诸葛菜的生长有显著的促进作用,对全株生物量的促进效应达到了3~5倍;对净光合速率值比较分析,接种组显著高于对照组,与对照组相比接种组净光合速率提高了2~3倍,其中BEG-167接种组的净光合速率〔33.14 μmol/（m2·s）〕最大;从水分利用率来看,只有BEG-168和BEG-141的水分利用率显著高于对照组,分别为对照组的1.8和1.4倍;所有接种组地下部的TP含量都显著高于对照组,提高了9.71%~34.39%,只有BEG-193接种组的地上部分TP含量显著高于对照组,整体而言,接种促进了诸葛菜地下部分对TP的吸收;接种组地上部TN含量均显著低于对照组,而地下部的TN吸收提高了38.07%~138.04%,均显著高于对照组;此外,接种后诸葛菜地上部TCa（总钙）含量降低了7.61%~55.58%,接种减少了TCa向其地上部的运输,从而减少TCa过量对植物体的伤害.研究显示,AM真菌对诸葛菜的促进效应很可能是通过提高植株净光合速率、水分利用率、TP和TN的吸收,抑制钙向植物体地上部转移等途径实现的.      

主成分分析法用于环境质量评价的探讨

文章将主成分分析法用于某河流水质评价,得出该河流历年水质变化趋势,但得到的水质评价等级却与实际情况不符。通过对主成分分析法原理进行研究,得出两个结论:主成分分析法可用于比较不同时间或不同地点的环境质量优劣;主成分分析法不能评价出环境质量等级。这主要是由主成分分析法的本质特点所决定。     

高温厌氧颗粒污泥对活性染料的吸附、解吸特性研究

试验考察高温(55℃)厌氧颗粒污泥对活性染料(以活性艳红X-3B(RR2)为代表)的吸附、解吸特征。试验结果表明,高温厌氧颗粒污泥的RR2染料吸附和解吸均符合Freundlich等温式,部分RR2被不可逆吸附;温度和盐度对高温厌氧颗粒污泥的吸附作用均有影响。