成都平原毗河下游生态环境需水量研究

20世纪90年代以来,河流生态环境需水成为生态水文学研究的重要内容。阐述了基于国际上新兴发展的生态水文学理论的生态环境需水量的概念和内涵。并以毗河为例,用能反映时间尺度的河流流量来表达生态环境需水量,而不是传统意义上的水量。为了与水资源配置的时间单元协调起来,对3个代表年〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=50%（1968年）,〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=75%（1986年）,〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗=90%（1987年）分别进行生态环境需水量的计算。根据毗河的自然条件,利用Montana法计算了河道维护水生生境最小需水量和最适宜需水量;蒸发需水量由水面宽度、河道两断面间平均长度、河道蒸发深度三者确定;结合河道功能区划和水质目标,计算了污染物稀释需水量。最终确定毗河下游河道的最小生态环境需水量为20.64 m3/s,最适宜生态环境需水量为25.84 m3/s。     

有机溶剂浸取石油污染土壤中的多环芳烃

采用索氏提取法和气相色谱分析了某炼油厂周边土壤中的多环芳烃的种类及含量,考察了6种有机溶剂对土壤中多环芳烃的浸取效果,探讨了溶剂与溶质溶解度参数差异对浸取效果的影响。结果表明：土壤试样中含有蒽、荧蒽、芘、 、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽和苯并[a]芘8种多环芳烃,其含量分别为4.20,22.05,10.62,4.26,5.54,0.80,0.94,4.18 mg/kg;筛选出二氯甲烷作为土壤中多环芳烃的浸取溶剂;最佳浸取条件为浸取时间10 min、浸取温度30 ℃、溶剂与土壤的液固比5:1（mL/g）、土壤含水量8%,在此条件下,总多环芳烃浸出率为83.0%,各种多环芳烃的浸出率分别为蒽97.8%、荧蒽78.2%、芘99.9%、 98.5%、苯并[a]蒽81.1%、苯并[b]荧蒽47.6%、苯并[k]荧蒽14.8%、苯并[a]芘58.7%。     

组合钢管混凝土式防屈曲支撑

由于河北省图书馆加固改造工程的实际需要,开发出了一种新型组合钢管混凝土式防屈曲支撑。该新型支撑解决了全钢型防屈曲支撑在大长度时难以满足稳定性的问题,而且比起传统钢管混凝土约束的防屈曲支撑,无需考虑内芯与混凝土之间的粘结力问题,加工过程简便、施工速度快,且质量容易控制。现已对此类新型支撑完成了短试件和足尺试件的拟静力滞回性能试验,试验结果表明,新型支撑的滞回曲线饱满稳定,整体稳定性和局部稳定性较好,满足工程要求。     

A method to extract algae toxin of microcystin-LR

A simple and low-cost method to obtain cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR(MC-LR) was developed. A new strain of Microcystis aeruginosa,named DC-1, producing microcystin-LR but not microcystin-RR, was separated from the field blooming algae samples of Dianchi Lake.in southwest of China. Following three times‘freeze and thaw treatment, the cultivated DC-cells were extracted with 40% methanol in water.The extract was centrifuged and the supernatant applied to a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance(HLB) SPE cartridge.Eluted impuries with a certain gradient from 30% to 50% methanol in water, MC-LR was finally eluted from the HLB cartridge with 60%.may be used in adsorption and biodegradation experiments instead of using expensive standard reagents.     

Preparation and catalytic properties of ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxide supported nickel catalysts for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

ZrO2-Al2O3 composite oxides and supported Ni catalysts were prepared, and characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic performance and carbon deposition was also investigated. This mesoporous composite oxide is shown to be a promising catalyst support. An increase in the catalytic activity and stability of methane and carbon dioxide reforming reaction was resulted from the zirconia addition, especially at 5wt% ZrO2 content. The Ni catalyst supported ZrO2-Al2O3 has a strong resistance to sintering and the carbon deposition in a relatively long-term reaction.     

工厂三维建模及其事故模拟

利用Microstation软件对某化工厂区进行三维建模,在考虑实际外界风向、风速,不同点火源位置等重要影响因素的条件下,运用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件FLACS,研究了有毒、易燃易爆的氯乙烯液化气体储罐安全阀气体泄漏和储罐底部物料管线液态氯乙烯的泄漏、蒸发、扩散和爆炸作用等过程,计算结果可以给出氯乙烯火灾、爆炸或扩散中毒等事故后果的影响范围和相关精确物理量。模拟结果表明,对于常温下的氯乙烯液化气体球罐,球罐安全阀泄漏后罐区及周边不会有燃烧或爆炸危险;而物料管线在特定的液相泄漏情景下,蒸发扩散的氯乙烯气云则有可能发生气云爆炸;但在弱约束条件下,爆炸冲击波作用比较微弱。该研究方法及其结果可以为石油化工企业选址、设计布局、安全规划、风险分析、应急救援及事故调查等提供更加准确的依据。     

机动车绿灯倒计时对交叉口交通安全的影响研究

在总结国内外研究的基础上,通过问卷调查、现场观测等方法对机动车绿灯倒计时对我国驾驶员的心理及驾驶行为进行调查,解析机动车绿灯倒计时信号对驾驶员心理与驾驶行为的影响机理,研究结果显示机动车绿灯倒计时既不利于交叉口的交通安全,又降低了通行效率,因此得出应谨慎使用机动车绿灯倒计时的结论。同时建议采取道路交通安全法中对黄灯的含义进行修改,并在闯红灯抓拍系统中增设闯黄灯超速自动抓拍功能,以减少信号过渡期间超速抢灯现象的发生,保障交叉口的交通安全。     

细水雾对障碍物遮挡火源抑制作用的数值研究

以大涡模拟、混合物分数模拟和欧拉-拉格朗日粒子运动描述法为基础,采用火灾动力学软件FDS研究了细水雾对障碍物不同程度遮挡火的抑制作用,通过改变雾滴粒径、喷头操作压力来分析细水雾对不同遮挡情况油池火的抑制灭火作用。结果表明:当火源被障碍物完全遮挡时,操作压力低于1MPa,细水雾很难达到抑制作用,当压力达到4MPa以上时,细水雾能够将温度控制在较低范围内;细水雾粒径小于50μm时,细水雾对障碍物遮挡火有较好的抑制作用;从整体来看,随着细水雾粒径的减小、压力的升高,细水雾对障碍物遮挡火的抑制作用逐渐增强。     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.

     

Enhanced non-radical activation of persulfate with pompon-like NiO microspheres for removing sulfamethoxazole in water

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of efficient heterogeneous catalyst for non-radical activation of persulfate (PS) is highly desired for removing organic pollutants in...