新鲜水果的医疗妙用

在如今的水果市场上,各种水果琳琅满目,丰富极了。如能有针对性地选吃一些既可健身又能防病的水果,对健康更为有益。     

神经网络与模拟退火算法结合的锅炉低NOx燃烧优化

对某600MW燃煤电站锅炉进行了多工况热态NO_x排放特性测量,在利用多层前向神经网络对该锅炉的NO_x排放特性进行建模的基础上,将神经网络模型与模拟退火全局优化算法相结合,实现了锅炉的低NO_x燃烧的优化,计算得到可获得低NO_x排放浓度的具体燃烧配风方案.文中对2种不同退火参数的模拟退火算法进行了比较,结果说明采用T₀=50K,α=0.6的参数可以获得较好的寻优效果.本文研究结果为实现大型电站锅炉低NO_x燃烧控制的在线优化技术打下了基础.     

Effects of alfalfa coverage on runoff, erosion and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow on loess slope plots

An evaluation of the interactions between vegetation, overland and soil erosion can provide valuable insight for the conservation of soil and water. An experiment was conducted to study water infiltration, runoff generation process, rate of sediment erosion, and hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow from a sloping hillside with different draw-off discharges from alfalfa and control plots with 20° slope. The effect of alfalfa on runoff and sediment transport reduction was quantitatively analyzed. Alfalfa was discussed for its ability to reduce the overland flow scouring force or change the runoff movement. Compared to the bare-soil plots, alfalfa plots generated a 1.77 times increase in infiltration rate. Furthermore, the down-slope water infiltration rate for the bare soil plots was higher than in the up-slope, while the opposite was found in the alfalfa plots. In addition, alfalfa had a significant effect on runoff and sediment yield. In comparison to the control, the runoff coefficient and sediment transportation rate decreased by 28.3% and 78.4% in the grass slope, respectively. The runoff generated from the alfalfa and bare-soil plots had similar trends with an initial increase and subsequent leveling to a steady-state rate. The transport of sediment reduced with time as a consequence of the depletion of loose surface materials. The maximum sediment concentration was recorded within the first few minutes of each event. The alfalfa plots had subcritical flow while the bare-soil plots had supercritical flow, which indicate that the capability of the alfalfa slope for resisting soil erosion and sediment movement was greater than for bare soil plots. Moreover, the flow resistance coefficient and roughness coefficient for the alfalfa plots were both higher than for the bare-soil plots, which indicate that overland flow in alfalfa plots had retarded and was blocked, and the flow energy along the runoff path had gradually dissipated. Finally, the ability to erode and transport sediment had decreased.     

国内电炉钢发展现状与应用前景

通过电炉铜与转炉铜能耗对比,突显了电炉钢的节能与环保优势,同时介绍了国内外电炉钢应用现状。随着社会工业化的发展所带来的钢铁积蓄量的增加,以及电炉钢技术的不断完善和发展,加之迎合国家低碳经济政策的实施,国内电炉钢发展具有广阔前景。     

彗星实验检测渤海主要入海河流遗传毒性

利用彗星实验检测渤海区主要入海河流遗传毒性.以虾虎鱼为受试生物,暂养在河口水样中,染毒48h,取外周血细胞,运用彗星实验检测外周血细胞内DNA损伤程度,以尾相(TM)作为DNA损伤程度指标,并据此评估入海河流邻近海域遗传毒性风险.实验结果表明,入海河流中的特征污染物可导致虾虎鱼外周血细胞的DNA损伤,且损伤程度可以通过彗星实验定量分析,同时该试验方法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,能够反映出多种污染因子的综合致毒能力.因此,通过彗星实验建立实验室检测入海河流遗传毒性方法具有可行行和创新性.     

不同加热方式下催化氧化甲苯的性能研究

研究考察了微波单模腔、多模腔与传统电炉三种不同加热方式下甲苯的催化氧化性能,分析不同加热方式下进出口气体温度和固定床反应温度的变化,并对实验前后的Cu-Mn-Ce/TiO2-分子筛催化剂进行了扫描电镜、X射线衍射和比表面积等表征测试.研究表明,相同工艺条件下电炉加热、微波多模腔与单模腔加热对甲苯的去除效率分别为77%、83%和94%,对应的床层反应温度为265℃、215℃和145℃,微波加热的选择性、"热点效应"和偶极极化作用提高了甲苯的降解效率并降低其氧化温度和工艺处理能耗,微波单模腔内高的能量密度显著提高了甲苯的氧化效率并降低反应温度.催化剂表征发现,微波加热对催化剂结构与活性组分的分布几乎没有影响,而电炉加热则导致催化剂表面烧结与活性组分团聚,微波加热下催化剂更大的比表面积有利于甲苯的吸附与氧化降解.     

滴水湖水系沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及风险评价

2012年,每两个月采集一次上海人工滩涂湖泊——滴水湖水系表层沉积物,检测16种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量.结果表明,滴水湖水系∑PAHs变化范围为74.03~579.20ng/g,平均值为272.55ng/g.其中,闸外引水河[(407.64±6.90)ng/g]≈闸内引水河[(427.99±213.84)ng/g]>滴水湖[(156.33±62.00)ng/g].研究区各点蒽/(蒽+菲)比值均大于0.1,说明PAHs主要来自于石油燃烧源.生态风险评价表明,滴水湖水系沉积物PAHs不存在严重的生态风险,但闸外和闸内引水河沉积物PAHs存在较低几率的潜在风险,湖区沉积物PAHs则无潜在风险.     

The effect of preparation conditions of Pt/Al2O3 on its catalytic performance for the H2-SCR in the presence of oxygen

Selective catalytic reduction of NO _x by H₂ in the presence of oxygen has been investigated over Pt/ Al₂O₃ catalysts pre-treated under different conditions. Catalyst preparation conditions exert significant influence on the catalytic performance, and the catalyst pre-treated by H₂ or H₂ then followed by O₂ is much more active than that pre-treated by air. The higher surface area and the presence of metallic Pt over Pt/Al₂O₃ pre-treated by H₂ or pretreated by H₂ then followed by O₂ can contribute to the formation of NO₂, which then promotes the reaction to proceed at low temperatures.     

灰色聚类法综合评价滴水湖水系环境质量

将滴水湖水系看作一个灰色系统进行研究,利用灰色聚类理论,以地表水环境标准和富营养化分级标准为基础建立灰类评价体系,确定聚类指标的隶属度和标准灰类的权重,得到各聚类指标对标准灰类的聚类系数,最大聚类系数关联的等级即水体质量等级。2010年,每2周1次对滴水湖水系11个监测点的溶解氧（DO）、化学需氧量（CODMn）、五日生化需氧量（BOD5）、总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH3-N）、透明度（SD）及叶绿素a（Chl.a）进行监测,取各指标的年均值,建立灰类评价系统。结果表明：滴水湖水源大治河及引水干道随塘河处水质属于Ⅳ类～Ⅴ类,呈富营养化和极度富营养化状态;闸外引水河芦潮引河段水质类型为Ⅲ类,为富营养化水平;闸内引水河道水质总体呈现富营养化状态,水质类型为Ⅲ类;滴水湖湖区水体质量良好,水质类型为Ⅲ类,呈中营养水平。     

239Pu在西南某地板岩与土壤中的吸附行为

以西南某极低放废物处置库预选场址地质环境中板岩与土壤为吸附介质,通过吸附实验和解吸实验,研究了不同介质粒径、环境温度(10℃—50℃)、水相pH(4—12)对239Pu核素在板岩与土壤介质中吸附行为的影响特征.吸附实验表明,水相环境中板岩和土壤介质对239Pu核素的吸附过程在10 d左右达到平衡,并且其吸附分配比随着介质粒径的减小而增大,随着水相pH值的增大而增大,但温度对其吸附的影响不明显.解吸实验表明板岩和土壤介质对239Pu核素的吸附是可逆的.