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排序方式: 共有217条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
121.
Richard A. Mbih Steven L. Driever Stephen K. Ndzeidze Mbongowo J. Mbuh Carine S. Bongadzem Harry M. Wirngo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2018,20(2):789-807
The Fulani pastoralists of the Western Highlands of Cameroon are a subgroup of the Fulbe, a wider pastoral group whose members are dispersed across Sub-Saharan Africa. They migrated and settled in the region in the early twentieth century at different times in migratory waves. Since arriving in the region, they have experienced different stages of transformation due to changing socioeconomic, political and ecological conditions influencing their nomadic lifestyle. The Fulani pastoralists have moved from a purely nomadic lifestyle that involved permanent seasonal migration with their herds and families to a semi-nomadic lifestyle involving return to their previous settlements at the end of each transhumance season, and they finally have adopted a more sedentary community lifestyle that involves only the seasonal movement of herdsmen and their cattle during dry periods. This pastoralist transformation process was motivated by the hospitality of native farming communities, the British colonial administration and postcolonial government of Cameroon, population growth and environmental degradation in the Western Highlands of grazing and cultivable land. This transformation has been beneficial to both pastoralists and native farming groups by improving local community development through increased agro-pastoral production and the realization of communal development projects in education and non-agro-pastoral economic activities. Several challenges have confronted this Fulani pastoralist transformation and its community development in the Western Highlands of Cameroon: landuse competition involving farmer–herder conflicts and inter-tribal wars; climate change, including rainfall variability; and environmental degradation including the disappearance of agro-pastoral lands. This paper, based on field research, investigates the various approaches, benefits and challenges involved in Fulani pastoralists’ settlement transformation in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. 相似文献
122.
Public involvement in management decision making has received increased attention from researchers in recent years. These
studies, however, have rarely considered differences in behavior resulting from gains and losses, despite ample evidence that
individuals’ behavior is not the same across situations. Individuals are often more sensitive to losses than gains, which
research suggests is related to ownership (real or perceived) of the item lost. We present evidence from a within-subjects
quasi-experimental design to test whether mountain bikers’ reported intentions differ between gain based and loss based conditions.
These data were analyzed using a multi-step repeated measures analysis of variance and repeated measures analysis of covariance.
The results suggest that losses are more powerful than gains in motivating public engagement in management decision making.
Further, the type of action was also shown to influence behavioral intentions. Additional analyses provide support to the
claim that, centrality, used as a proximate measure of ownership, moderates the contextual effects on behavioral intentions.
Thus, loss aversion, moderated by ownership, is a plausible explanation of stakeholder involvement. 相似文献
123.
The probability of selecting a population element under line intersect sampling depends on the width of the particle in the direction perpendicular to the transect, as is well known. The consequence of this when using ell-shaped transects rather than straight-line transects are explicated, and modifications that preserve design-unbiasedness of Kaiser's (1983) conditional and unconditional estimators are presented. A case against treating multiple intersections as multiple probabilistic events is argued on the basis, also, of preserving design-unbiased estimation. 相似文献
124.
Harry F. Lins Timothy A. Cohn 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2011,47(3):475-480
Lins, Harry F. and Timothy A. Cohn, 2011. Stationarity: Wanted Dead or Alive? Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(3):475‐480. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00542.x Abstract: Aligning engineering practice with natural process behavior would appear, on its face, to be a prudent and reasonable course of action. However, if we do not understand the long‐term characteristics of hydroclimatic processes, how does one find the prudent and reasonable course needed for water management? We consider this question in light of three aspects of existing and unresolved issues affecting hydroclimatic variability and statistical inference: Hurst‐Kolmogorov phenomena; the complications long‐term persistence introduces with respect to statistical understanding; and the dependence of process understanding on arbitrary sampling choices. These problems are not easily addressed. In such circumstances, humility may be more important than physics; a simple model with well‐understood flaws may be preferable to a sophisticated model whose correspondence to reality is uncertain. 相似文献
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126.
This article investigates the impact of organizational drivers for the implementation of business process and network information and communication capabilities (ICCs) supporting cleaner production in the Dutch food and beverage industry. We do so with the intention to promote ‘dynamic behavioral fingerprinting’.Survey results show, that sub-sectors of this industry are driven to adopt environmental ICCs to a different level. Responses range from compliance-oriented (Slaughterhouses & meat sub-sector) to market-oriented (Bakery and biscuits sub-sector). Knowledge of key drivers and their impact offers opportunities to adjust the environmental policy and instruments to sub-sector specifics so that its effectiveness is improved. We therefore propose ‘dynamic behavioral fingerprinting’: mapping “typical” patterns of managerial response towards environmental issues, in order to improve the effectiveness of public–private interaction and cooperation. 相似文献
127.
John J. Gagliardi Don Kim Jennifer J. Sokol Larry A. Zazzera Vincent D. Romero Matthew R. Atkinson Faisal Nabulsi Harry Zhang 《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2013,15(3):348-354
An alternative, and potentially better, means to process prime LED sapphire wafers is proposed. A brief history of material removal mechanisms suggests that brittle materials can be abraded in a ductile regime and that this can be a superior mode of removal. Advantages in material removal rate, surface finish and subsurface damage for a 2-body ductile removal of sapphire are shown relative to 3-body material removal. A major difficulty with this approach may be getting the LED manufacturing industry to understand that the appearance of the sapphire surface is quite different, unfamiliar yet predictable. Finally, some potential alternative process approaches are discussed that utilize 2-body material removal. 相似文献
128.
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130.
Bunnell JE Tatu CA Bushon RN Stoeckel DM Brady AM Beck M Lerch HE McGee B Hanson BC Shi R Orem WH 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2006,28(6):577-587
In May and September, 2002, 14 private residential drinking water wells, one dewatering well at a lignite mine, eight surface
water sites, and lignite from an active coal mine were sampled in five Parishes of northwestern Louisiana, USA. Using a geographic
information system (GIS), wells were selected that were likely to draw water that had been in contact with lignite; control
wells were located in areas devoid of lignite deposits. Well water samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, organic compounds,
and nutrient and anion concentrations. All samples were further tested for presence of fungi (cultures maintained for up to
28 days and colonies counted and identified microscopically) and for metal and trace element concentration by inductively-coupled
plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry. Surface water samples were tested for dissolved oxygen and presence
of pathogenic leptospiral bacteria. The Spearman correlation method was used to assess the association between the endpoints
for these field/laboratory analyses and incidence of cancer of the renal pelvis (RPC) based on data obtained from the Louisiana
Tumor Registry for the five Parishes included in the study. Significant associations were revealed between the cancer rate
and the presence in drinking water of organic compounds, the fungi Zygomycetes, the nutrients PO4 and NH3, and 13 chemical elements. Presence of human pathogenic leptospires was detected in four out of eight (50%) of the surface
water sites sampled. The present study of a stable rural population examined possible linkages between aquifers containing
chemically reactive lignite deposits, hydrologic conditions favorable to the␣leaching and transport of toxic organic compounds
from the lignite into the groundwater, possible microbial contamination, and RPC risk. 相似文献