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101.
Christopher J. O'Bryan Stephen T. Garnett Julia E. Fa Ian Leiper Jose A. Rehbein Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares Micha V. Jackson Harry D. Jonas Eduardo S. Brondizio Neil D. Burgess Catherine J. Robinson Kerstin K. Zander Zsolt Molnár Oscar Venter James E. M. Watson 《Conservation biology》2021,35(3):1002-1008
Indigenous Peoples’ lands cover over one-quarter of Earth's surface, a significant proportion of which is still free from industrial-level human impacts. As a result, Indigenous Peoples and their lands are crucial for the long-term persistence of Earth's biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, information on species composition on these lands globally remains largely unknown. We conducted the first comprehensive analysis of terrestrial mammal composition across mapped Indigenous lands based on data on area of habitat (AOH) for 4460 mammal species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We overlaid each species’ AOH on a current map of Indigenous lands and found that 2695 species (60% of assessed mammals) had ≥10% of their ranges on Indigenous Peoples’ lands and 1009 species (23%) had >50% of their ranges on these lands. For threatened species, 473 (47%) occurred on Indigenous lands with 26% having >50% of their habitat on these lands. We also found that 935 mammal species (131 categorized as threatened) had ≥ 10% of their range on Indigenous Peoples’ lands that had low human pressure. Our results show how important Indigenous Peoples’ lands are to the successful implementation of conservation and sustainable development agendas worldwide. 相似文献
102.
Stefan Nickel Winfried Schröder Roman Schmalfuss Maike Saathoff Harry Harmens Gina Mills Marina V. Frontasyeva Lambe Barandovski Oleg Blum Alejo Carballeira Ludwig de Temmerman Anatoly M. Dunaev Antoaneta Ene Hilde Fagerli Barbara Godzik Ilia Ilyin Sander Jonkers Zvonka Jeran Pranvera Lazo Sebastien Leblond Siiri Liiv Blanka Mankovska Encarnación Núñez-Olivera Juha Piispanen Jarmo Poikolainen Ion V. Popescu Flora Qarri Jesus Miguel Santamaria Martijn Schaap Mitja Skudnik Zdravko Špirić Trajce Stafilov Eiliv Steinnes Claudia Stihi Ivan Suchara Hilde Thelle Uggerud Harald G. Zechmeister 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2018,30(1):53
Background
This paper aims to investigate the correlations between the concentrations of nine heavy metals in moss and atmospheric deposition within ecological land classes covering Europe. Additionally, it is examined to what extent the statistical relations are affected by the land use around the moss sampling sites. Based on moss data collected in 2010/2011 throughout Europe and data on total atmospheric deposition modelled by two chemical transport models (EMEP MSC-E, LOTOS-EUROS), correlation coefficients between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were specified for spatial subsamples defined by ecological land classes of Europe (ELCE) as a spatial reference system. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and logistic regression (LR) were then used to separate moss sampling sites regarding their contribution to the strength of correlation considering the areal percentage of urban, agricultural and forestry land use around the sampling location. After verification LDA models by LR, LDA models were used to transform spatial information on the land use to maps of potential correlation levels, applicable for future network planning in the European Moss Survey.Results
Correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were found to be specific for elements and ELCE units. Land use around the sampling sites mainly influences the correlation level. Small radiuses around the sampling sites examined (5 km) are more relevant for Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, while the areal percentage of urban and agricultural land use within large radiuses (75–100 km) is more relevant for As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and V. Most valid LDA models pattern with error rates of <?40% were found for As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and V. Land use-dependent predictions of spatial patterns split up Europe into investigation areas revealing potentially high (=?above-average) or low (=?below-average) correlation coefficients.Conclusions
LDA is an eligible method identifying and ranking boundary conditions of correlations between atmospheric deposition and respective concentrations of heavy metals in moss and related mapping considering the influence of the land use around moss sampling sites.103.
Harry Amuguni Chanzu John Mmari Onyari Paul Mwanza Shiundu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(3):665-672
Batch experiments were conducted to study the biosorption of Malachite Green (MG) onto polylactide (PLA)/spent brewery grains (SBGs) films. Films were prepared by solvent-casting method using dichloromethane. Effects of contact time, pH, salt concentration, and optimal experimental condition was evaluated. At pH 6.89 and low salt concentration, Malachite Green was removed effectively. The isotherm data fitted the Freundlich model with 0.969 R2 value and 0.738 slope implying chemisorptions process. The biosorption process followed pseudo-second order kinetics with calculated adsorption capacity at equilibrium (qe) of 0.572?mg/g at 23?°C. The investigation showed that PLA/SBGs films are effective in dye removal from textile, paper and leather industries effluents. 相似文献
104.
W. Harry Doyle 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(2):225-232
ABSTRACT: Urban storm water data from four catchments near Miami, Florida, were collected and compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey and were used for testing the applicability of deterministic modeling for characterizing storm water flows from small land use areas. The four sites were:
- 相似文献
105.
Assessing hygiene and health related improvements of a rural water supply and sanitation programme in northern Ghana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A case control study was carried out to assess hygiene and health related improvements of the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Hygienic improvements were measured in terms of sources of water collection and storage arrangements, waste disposal, hand washing, food storage arrangements, and defecation and practices associated with faeces. The perception of women on the mode of transmission and treatment of selected water and sanitation related diseases were the criteria used to assess health related improvements. Comparison of the results in the programme and non-programme communities indicates that the water and sanitation programme has achieved some degree of success in the areas of water use and water and food storage for the beneficiaries. However, little has been accomplished in changing people's attitude towards the disposal of household, animal and human waste. In addition, the programme has so far been minimally effective in enhancing women's knowledge about the transmission and treatment of water and sanitation related diseases. 相似文献
106.
107.
Harry I. Nightingale 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1987,23(2):197-205
ABSTRACT: The chemical impact of urban runoff water on water quality beneath five retention/recharge basins was investigated as part of the US EPA's Nationwide Urban Runoff Program in Fresno, California. Soil water percolating through alluvium soils and the ground water at the top of the water table were sampled with ceramic/Teflon vacuum water extractors at depths up to 26 m during the two-year investigation. Inorganic and organic pollutants are present in the runoff water delivered to the basins. No significant contamination of percolating soil water or ground water underlying any of the five retention/recharge basins has occurred for constituents monitored in the study. The oldest basins was constructed in 1962. The concentration of selected trace elements in the ground water samples was similar to the levels reported in the regional ground water. None of the pesticides or other organic priority pollutants, for which water samples were analyzed, was s̊ detected except diazinon which was found in trace amounts (0.3 μg/L or less) in only three soil water samples. These results are important to the continued conservation of storm water and the development of a best management practice for storm-water management using retention/recharge basins in a semi-arid climate. 相似文献
108.
Veronica M. Sol Petronella E. M. Lammers Harry Aiking Joop de Boer Jan F. Feenstra 《Environmental management》1995,19(3):457-467
This paper describes the development of an integrated environmental index that may serve as a representation of the general
environmental quality at a certain location. This index is meant to be used by local administrators to strike a balance between
the development of industrial activities and the protection of sensitive land-uses (housing). The approach used to arrive
at this index, based on health considerations, is described, detailing the different steps in the construction of the index:
identification, assessment, summation, valuation and aggregation. The index combines environmental quality information concerning
noise, odor, air pollution, and risk of industrial calamities. The resulting integrated environmental index is illustrated
using data of a pilot project. 相似文献
109.
Shaohua Hu Jorn D. Herner Martin Shafer William Robertson James J. Schauer Harry Dwyer John Collins Tao Huai Alberto Ayala 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(18):2950-2959
Emission factors for elemental metals were determined from several heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) of 1998–2007 vintage, operating with advanced PM and/or NOX emissions control retrofits on a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer, under steady state cruise, transient, and idle conditions. The emission control retrofits included diesel particulate filters (DPF): catalyzed and uncatalyzed, passive and active prototype vanadium- or zeolite-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, and a catalyzed DPF fitted on a hybrid diesel electric drive vehicle. The prototype SCR systems in combination with DPF retrofits are of particular interest because they represent the expected emissions controls for compliance with PM and NOX regulations in 2010. PM samples from a full-exhaust dilution tunnel were collected on bulk filters, and on a Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler (PCIS) for total and water-soluble elemental analysis. All the DPFs significantly reduced emissions of total trace elements (>85% and >95% for cruise and for the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), respectively). However, we observed differences in the post-retrofit metals emissions due to driving cycle effects (i.e., exhaust temperature) and type of retrofit. In general, the metals emissions over cruise conditions (which leads to higher exhaust temperatures) were substantially different from the emissions over a transient cycle or while idling. For instance, during cruise, we observed higher levels of platinum (1.1 ± 0.6–4.2 ± 3.6 ng km?1) for most of the retrofit-equipped vehicle tests compared to the baseline configuration (0.3 ± 0.1 ng km?1). The vanadium-based DPF + SCR vehicle during cruise operation exhibited emissions of vanadium (562 ± 265 ng km?1) and titanium (5841 ± 3050 ng km?1), suggesting the possible release of actual SCR wash-coat (V2O5/TiO2) from the catalyst under the higher temperatures characteristic of cruise operation. The vanadium emissions exhibited a bi-modal mass size distribution, with modes at <0.25 μm and 1.0–2.5 μm size ranges for the vanadium-based SCR system. For the DPF + SCR systems, a greater fraction of the metal emissions from the zeolite-based system is water-soluble compared to emissions from the vanadium-based system. 相似文献
110.
Harry Dwyer Alberto Ayala Sherry Zhang John Collins Tao Huai Jorn Herner Wilson Chau 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(29):3469-3476
The California Air Resources Board, CARB, has participated in a program to quantify particulate matter (PM) emissions with a European methodology, which is known as the Particulate Measurement Programme (PMP). The essence of the PMP methodology is that the diesel PM from a Euro 4 vehicle equipped with a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) consists primarily of solid particles with a size range greater than 23 nm. The PMP testing and the enhanced testing performed by CARB have enabled an increased understanding of both the progress that has been made in PM reduction, and the future remaining challenges for new and improved DPF-equipped diesel vehicles. A comparison of measured regulated emissions and solid particle number emissions with the results obtained by the PMP participating international laboratories was a success, and CARB’s measurements and standard deviations compared well with the other laboratories. Enhanced measurements of the influence of vehicle conditioning prior to testing on PM mass and solid particle number results were performed, and some significant influences were discovered. For example, the influence of vehicle preconditioning on particle number results was significant for both the European and USA test driving cycles. However, the trends for the cycles were opposite with one cycle showing an increase and the other cycle showing a decrease in particle number emissions. If solid particle size distribution and total particle numbers are to be used as proposed in PMP, then a greater understanding of the quality and errors associated with measurement technologies is advisable.In general, particle counting instruments gave results with similar trends, but cycle-to-cycle testing variation was observed. Continuous measurements of particle number concentrations during test cycles have given detailed insight into PM generation. At the present time there is significant variation in the capabilities of the particle counting instruments in terms of particle size and concentration.Current measurements show the existence of a large number of volatile and semi-volatile particles of yet-to-be-resolved chemical composition in diesel exhaust, especially during DPF regeneration, and these particles are not included in the PMP methodology because they are smaller than 20 nm. It will be very challenging to improve our understanding of this class of diesel particulate matter. 相似文献