Recent advances and perspectives towards emission inventories of mobile sources: Compilation approaches, data acquisition methods, and case studies

In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to reducing emissions from mobile sources with the dramatic growth of motor vehicle and nonroad mobile source populations. Compilation of a mobile source emission inventory is conducive to the analysis of pollution emission characteristics and the formulation of emission reduction policies. This study summarizes the latest compilation approaches and data acquisition methods for mobile source emission inventories. For motor vehicles, a high-resolution emission inventory can be developed based on a bottom-up approach with a refined traffic flow model and real-world speed-coupled emission factors. The top-down approach has advantages when dealing with macroscale vehicle emission estimation without substantial traffic flow infrastructure. For nonroad mobile sources, nonroad machinery, inland river ships, locomotives, and civil aviation aircraft, a top-down approach based on fuel consumption or power is adopted. For ocean-going ships, a bottom-up approach based on automatic identification system (AIS) data is adopted. Three typical cases are studied, including emission reduction potential, a cost-benefit model, and marine shipping emission control. Outlooks and suggestions are given on future research directions for emission inventories for mobile sources: building localized emission models and factor databases, improving the dynamic updating capability of emission inventories, establishing a database of emission factors of unconventional pollutants and greenhouse gas from mobile sources, and establishing an urban high temporal-spatial resolution volatile organic compound (VOC) evaporation emission inventory.     

北京市2017年典型日机动车动态排放特征研究

为深入了解北京市路网机动车排放特征,采用自主开发的基于交通流的机动车动态排放模型,耦合北京市2017年交通流观测数据,测算了北京市机动车在工作日、非工作日、节假日、重污染日和重大活动日5种典型日工况下,主要路网上1 h时间分辨率、1 km×1 km空间分辨率下的时空分布特征.结果表明:①北京市二环路及以内区域和二三环之间(包括三环路)机动车排放强度较高,分别达到0.050和0.043 t/(km2·d).②北京市机动车NO_x排放分布规律性较强,主要分布在东南六环路方向及其联络线,以及东北、西北六环路方向及其联络线上,NO_x排放高峰值在05:00出现.③北京市机动车CO排放主要集中在城区五环路及以内区域,CO排放高峰值在18:00出现,五环路及以内区域及其联络线附近均为CO高排放区.④北京市5种典型日中,非工作日机动车排放量最大.研究显示,五环路及以内区域机动车污染控制应以轻型车为主,六环路及以外区域应以重型柴油车为主.