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71.
Anna Carratalà Marta Rusiñol Jesús Rodriguez-Manzano Laura Guerrero-Latorre Regina Sommer Rosina Girones 《Food and environmental virology》2013,5(4):203-214
Environmental factors are highly relevant to the global dissemination of viral pathogens. However, the specific contribution of major effectors such as temperature and sunlight on the inactivation of waterborne viruses is not well characterized. In this study, the effect of temperature (7, 20, and 37 °C), UVB and UVA radiation on viral inactivation was evaluated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), mineral water, wastewater, 1,000-fold diluted wastewater and seawater. The stability of human adenoviruses infectivity, known as human pathogens and indicators of fecal contamination, was monitored during 24 h, both in the dark and exposed to UV radiation by immunofluorescence assays. In the dark, no Human adenovirus (HAdV) inactivation was observed in PBS and mineral water at any of the temperatures studied, whereas at 37 °C in reactors with higher microbial concentration (wastewater, diluted wastewater, and seawater), decays between 2.5 and 5 log were recorded. UVB radiation showed a dramatic effect on HAdV inactivation and 6-log were achieved in all reactors by the end of the experiments. The effect of UVA showed to be dependent on the water matrix analyzed. At 20 °C, HAdV showed a 2-log decay in all reactors radiation while at 37 °C, results in wastewater, diluted wastewater, and seawater reactors were equivalent to those observed in the dark. These results suggest UVB radiation as the major environmental factor challenging viral inactivation, followed by biotic activity indirectly associated to higher temperatures and finally, by UVA radiation. 相似文献
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73.
Kosman Joslaine Monteiro João Frederico Haas Leandro Lenart Vinícius Mariani Weinert Patrícia Los Tiburtius Elaine Regina Lopes 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):24046-24056
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study presents the results obtained for the optimization of the mineralization of losartan (LOS) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) using the... 相似文献
74.
Roniele Balvedi Iacovski Célia Regina Monte Barardi Cláudia Maria Oliveira Sim?es 《Waste management & research》2004,22(3):171-176
In the last few decades, agricultural reclamation of sewage sludge has increased in many countries. However, this practice must be adopted under recommended conditions to limit the risks associated with the presence of potential pathogens, including protozoan parasites such as Cryptosporidium. In the present work, we evaluated immunomagnetic separation (IMS) combined with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in order to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage sludge samples obtained from the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWTP) operating in the city of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Integrated application of spontaneous sludge sedimentation and centrifugation of the supernatant, purification and concentration of oocysts through immunomagnetic separation as well as detection and quantification by means of indirect immunofluorescence using highly specific monoclonal antibodies, proved to be an effective multiple-analysis tool for monitoring the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in urban sewage sludge samples. Among 27 samples collected from MWTP, 20 (74.07%) were positive for Cryptosporidium sp. The efficiency of recovery by using the internal control ColorSeed (Biotechnology Frontiers Inc., Sydney, NSW, Australia) was medially 39.96 +/- 11.20%. Actually, oocysts were recovered from 100% of the positive samples tested and the number of Cryptosporidium oocysts found in the samples ranged from one to four. These results demonstrated a high recovery rate of Cryptosporidium oocysts in sewage sludge samples by using IMS-IFA analysis. In conclusion, such an approach can be applied to monitor the presence of the parasite and to determine the potential contamination of sludge destined for soil application. 相似文献
75.
Caroline Regina Schöner Michael Gerhard Schöner Gerald Kerth 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(12):2053-2063
Many bat species regularly need to find new day roosts as they require numerous shelters each breeding season. It has been
shown that bats exchange information about roosts among colony members, and use echolocation and social calls of conspecifics
in order to find roosts. However, it is unclear if wild bats discriminate between social calls of conspecifics and other bat
species while searching for roosts. Furthermore, the extent that bats are attracted to potential roosts by each of these two
call types is unknown. We present a field experiment showing that social calls of conspecifics and other bat species both
attract bats to roosts. During two summers, we played back social calls of Bechstein’s bats (Myotis bechsteinii) and Natterer’s bats (Myotis nattereri) from different bat boxes that can serve as roosts for these species. All experimental bat boxes were monitored with infrared
video to identify the approaching bat species. Three species (M. bechsteinii, M. nattereri, and Plecotus auritus) approached the boxes significantly more often during nights when bat calls were played compared to nights without playbacks.
Bechstein’s bats and Natterer’s bats were both more attracted to social calls of conspecifics than of the other species, whereas
P. auritus did not discriminate between calls of either Myotis species. Only Bechstein’s bats entered experimental boxes and only at times when calls from conspecifics were played. Our
findings show that wild bats discriminate between social calls of conspecifics and other bat species although they respond
to both call types when searching for new roosts. 相似文献
76.
Regina Bispo Joana Bernardino Tiago A. Marques Dinis Pestana 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2013,20(1):147-165
In monitoring studies at wind farms, the estimation of bird and bat mortality caused by collision must take into account carcass removal by scavengers or decomposition. In this paper we propose the use of survival analysis techniques to model the time of carcass removal. The proposed method is applied to data collected in ten Portuguese wind farms. We present and compare results obtained from semiparametric and parametric models assuming four main competing lifetime distributions (exponential, Weibull, log-logistic and log-normal). Both homogeneous parametric models and accelerated failure time models were used. The fitted models enabled the estimation of the carcass persistence rates and the calculation of a scavenging correction factor for avian mortality estimation. Additionally, we discuss the impact that the distributional assumption can have on parameter estimation. The proposed methodology integrates the survival probability estimation problem with the analysis of covariate effects. Estimation is based on the most suitable model while simultaneously accounting for censored observations, diminishing scavenging rate estimation bias. Additionally, the method establishes a standardized statistical procedure for the analysis of carcass removal time in subsequent studies. 相似文献
77.
Ascidian fauna have been intensively studied in the Atlantic Ocean, adjacent subpolar regions and Mediterranean Sea for the last 20 years. Here, we have described current species distribution patterns and identified nested areas of endemism using parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE). We also identified diversity hotspots, areas in which species occurred exclusively, and gaps in information about distribution patterns. Finally, we compared ascidian distributions among various proposed biogeographic divisions. The comprehensive literature review provided data on the geographic distribution of 627 species of ascidians. In the West Atlantic, there were three peaks in richness: north Caribbean—96 species, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro—61 species and the subantarctic region—54 species. In the eastern Atlantic, the greatest richness occurred on Spanish and French coasts—91 species and in Senegal—83 species. In the Mediterranean, the greatest richness was in Spain and France—142 species and Italy—127 species. PAE designated 20 areas of endemism nested within eight larger regions that were more or less in agreement with realms or provinces of previous studies: North Atlantic, Caribbean, southeastern Brazil, Magellanic, Subantarctic, Tropical West Africa, South Africa, and Mediterranean. Distribution patterns of the Ascidiacea, in general, followed previously proposed divisions of regions and provinces in the Atlantic and adjacent polar regions, but not subdivisions of these regions. 相似文献
78.
Andersohn C Fuchs M Seyed-Mansouri R Fleischmann S Wilke BM 《Journal of environmental quality》2002,31(2):697-699
For higher plant tests in hydroculture we developed a method to unify the usually separately performed germination and growth testing. This method renders unnecessary the time-consuming and laborious installation of the germinated plants into the growth system. 相似文献
79.
80.
Many marine organisms are fixed or highly sedentary as adults but the adult population may be strongly dependent on the oceanic transport of planktonic larvae. In order to assess interactions between oceanographic and biological processes that determine the population dynamics of marine organisms with a sessile adult phase restricted to the coastline and a planktonic larval phase, we present a stage-structured finite element model for the barnacle Balanus glandula that inhabits the rocky intertidal zone of central California, USA. 相似文献