探究了油脂对污泥和餐厨垃圾厌氧消化性能的影响。结果表明,油脂对污泥和餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的影响与油脂的含量相关。当油脂质量分数由0提高至30%时,生物气的产量(以挥发性悬浮固体VSS计)也由385 m L/g提高至489 m L/g,然而继续升高油脂含量会抑制生物产气。机理分析表明,适当提高油脂含量能够提高有机物的溶出、VSS的减量以及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的积累,从而为微生物提供了良好的条件。过高含量的油脂会抑制有机物溶出和VFA的积累。 相似文献
While progress has been made in reducing external nutrient inputs to the Baltic Sea, further actions are needed to meet the goals of the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP), especially for the Baltic Proper, Gulf of Finland, and Gulf of Riga sub-basins. We used the net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs (NANI and NAPI, respectively) nutrient accounting approach to construct three scenarios of reduced NANI-NAPI. Reductions assumed that manure nutrients were redistributed from areas with intense animal production to areas that focus on crop production and would otherwise import synthetic and mineral fertilizers. We also used the Simple as Necessary Baltic Long Term Large Scale (SANBALTS) model to compare eutrophication conditions for the scenarios to current and BSAP-target conditions. The scenarios suggest that reducing NANI-NAPI by redistributing manure nutrients, together with improving agronomic practices, could meet 54–82% of the N reductions targets (28–43 kt N reduction) and 38–64% P reduction targets (4–6.6 kt P reduction), depending on scenario. SANBALTS output showed that even partial fulfillment of nutrient reduction targets could have ameliorating effects on eutrophication conditions. Meeting BSAP targets will require addressing additional sources, such as sewage. A common approach to apportioning sources to external nutrients loads could enable further assessment of the feasibility of eutrophication management targets.
Accurate quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models based on a large data set containing a total of 3483 organic compounds were developed to predict chemicals’ adsorption capability onto activated carbon in gas phrase. Both global multiple linear regression (MLR) method and local lazy regression (LLR) method were used to develop QSPR models. The results proved that LLR has prediction accuracy 10% higher than that of MLR model. By applying LLR method we can predict the test set (787 compounds) with Q2ext of 0.900 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.129. The accurate model based on this large data set could be useful to predict adsorption property of new compounds since such model covers a highly diverse structural space. 相似文献
To further understand the role of substrates on the heterogeneous reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the reactions of ozone with anthracene adsorbed on different mineral oxides (SiO2, α-Al2O3 and α-Fe2O3) and on Teflon disc were investigated in dark at 20 °C. No reaction between ozone and anthracene on Teflon disc was observed when the ozone concentration was ~1.18 × 1014 molecules cm?3. The reactions on mineral oxides exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics for anthracene loss, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant (k1,obs) displayed a Langmuir–Hinshelwood dependence on the gas-phase ozone concentration. The adsorption equilibrium constants for ozone (KO3) on SiO2-1, SiO2-2, α-Al2O3 and α-Fe2O3 were (0.81 ± 0.26) × 10?15 cm3, (2.83 ± 1.17) × 10?15 cm3, (2.48 ± 0.77) × 10?15 cm3 and (1.66 ± 0.45) × 10?15 cm3, respectively; and the maximum pseudo-first-order rate constant (k1,max) on these oxides were (0.385 ± 0.058) s?1, (0.101 ± 0.0138) s?1, (0.0676 ± 0.0086) s?1 and (0.0457 ± 0.004) s?1, respectively. Anthraquinone was identified as the main surface product of anthracene reacted with ozone. Comparison with previous research and the results obtained in this study suggest that the reactivity of anthracene with ozone and the lifetimes of anthracene adsorbed on mineral dust in the atmosphere are determined by the nature of the substrate. 相似文献