不同温湿度条件下微米硼的氧化过程研究

目的 探究不同温湿度条件下微米硼的氧化层结构特征。方法 利用高温水浴浸泡处理去除原料微米硼的表面氧化层,然后在恒温恒湿条件下对微米硼进行加速氧化,利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对加速氧化后硼颗粒的氧化层厚度及组成进行分析,总结表面氧化层结构及成分组成变化规律,揭示温湿度条件下微米硼的氧化机制。结果 微米硼经高温水浴浸泡处理后,表面氧化层去除率达到50%。随着加速氧化时间的延长,硼颗粒氧化层的厚度逐渐增大,由内向外硼颗粒表面可以用B-BxOy-B2O3三层结构来表示,BxOy总是伴随着B2O3同时出现的,且随着氧化反应的进行,颗粒表面BxOy的含量将超过B的含量。结论 不同温湿度条件下微米硼的氧化机制为O2向B颗粒内部单向扩散的反应机制,B先与O2反应,形成低氧化物BxOy,BxOy进而与O2反应生成B2O3。随着氧化层厚度的增加,O2向B颗粒内部扩散的阻力增大,氧化反应速率随之降低。相比湿度的影响,温度的升高可显著加快硼表面氧化层的形成;温度一定时,湿度的增加可促进硼氧化层的形成。     

曲霉菌降解机械润滑油的研究

分离出能高效降解机油的真菌并研究其使用方法.从机械润滑油污染的土中分离出2株真菌,GXUA和GXUB.形态鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus)菌.rDNA的ITS序列同源性分析表明,GXUA与A.tubingens,GXUB与A.fumigatus菌株SRRC 43完全同源.根据均匀设计的油-矿质液中的摇床发酵结果,混合菌体对机油的降解效率高于单菌株,最佳发酵条件为25 g菌丝体/L矿质液,pH=5.0,26 ℃.在此条件下,于10 g机油/L矿质液中摇床发酵9 d,其降解效率为95.90%.液-质色谱分析表明,混合菌能降解机油中700～900 Dt的大分子.用两菌株的孢子和其他两种生物材料试制了实验室级的颗粒(直径1 cm)生物制剂.在实验室级水平上,按500粒/m2水面和150粒/kg土用量分别处理具有约2 mm厚油膜的水(自来水和海水)和50 g机油/kg土的土壤,处理后的水和土壤中残余油量符合国家有关环境污染控制标准,添加油酸钠和H2O2能够显著提高降解效率.     

离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐对斜生栅藻的毒性效应

按照毒性试验标准方法研究了不同浓度离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)对斜生栅藻的影响,测定了半数抑制浓度(IC50)、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及藻细胞通透性的变化,观察了80mg/L[BMIM]Cl处理96h对藻细胞的影响.结果表明:[BMIM]Cl对斜生栅藻生长具有抑制作用,随着浓度的增大抑制率增加,叶绿素含量下降, 48h IC50、72h IC50和96h IC50分别为103.77、76.44和68.49mg/L.藻细胞对[BMIM]Cl有一定的氧化应激反应,CAT和SOD活性随[BMIM]Cl浓度升高而降低.[BMIM]Cl对藻细胞的细胞膜有一定程度的破坏作用,藻细胞通透性随浓度升高而增大,同时藻细胞的超微结构受到了[BMIM]Cl的影响,造成质壁分离,叶绿体片层断裂,线粒体嵴数量减少.     

高浓度钻井废泥浆处理工艺的试验研究

为实现钻井泥浆无害化处理,提出了酸化破胶-固液分离-催化氧化-微生物降解的处理方法,并采用钻井现场废泥浆进行了系列试验研究。结果表明:泥浆密度调节为1.15 kg/dm3,酸化pH≤3,固液分离效果最佳;过滤分离后固相浸毒液达到国家排放标准;液相经Fenton氧化、微生物降解后,COD将降低到110 mg/L以下。该方法运行成本低,处理彻底无隐患,为进一步工业化试验奠定了基础。     

细河污染特征与整治对策的探讨

细河是伴随沈阳市铁西区老工业基地的发展而形成一条排污河流,2002年前污染非常严重,2002年后通过综合整治及仙女河污水处理厂和西部污水处理厂相继建成并投入使用,使大部分细河污水得到处理,但细河的污染问题仍不容乐观,本文通过细河纳污总量的核定、细河源头水的保护与利用、底质的清理与无害化处置、新污染控制与防范等措施使细河水质得到一个可持续的、良好的改善。     

胶质芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉及与沸石联合对模拟废水中Fe3+处理研究

研究沸石、胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus Niger)、胶质芽孢杆菌与沸石联合以及黑曲霉与沸石联合对模拟废水中Fe3+的吸附等温曲线,分析它们对Fe3+模拟废水的吸附及絮凝作用。结果表明：沸石对Fe3+吸附作用符合Freundlich方程;胶质芽孢杆菌分泌含...     

Nutritionally relevant elements in staple foods: influence of arable site versus choice of variety

Eighteen representative sites for the Austrian grain-growing and eight for the potato-growing zones (soils and crops) were investigated. On each site, total element contents (B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Sr and Zn) were determined in 4–12 varieties of winter wheat (n = 136), 6 varieties of spring durum wheat (n = 30), 5 varieties of winter durum wheat (n = 15), 7 varieties of rye (n = 49), 5 varieties of spring barley (n = 30) and 5 varieties of potatoes (n = 40). Element accumulations in grain species and potato tubers varied significantly with site conditions, with the main exceptions for B in potatoes and wheat as well as for Zn, Cu and Co in durum wheat. On average, across all investigated sites, differences in varieties occurred concerning the elements Ca, Cd, Ba, Sr and Zn (except Zn in potatoes and winter durum). A rough estimation revealed that an average Austrian consumer of wheat, rye and potatoes meets more than 50% of the needs of daily element intake for K, P and Mg, between 36 and 72% for Fe, Zn and Cu, and more than 100% for Co, Mo and Mn. In particular, the elements Ca and Na have to be added from other sources.     

Colorful tails fade when lizards adopt less risky behaviors

Colorful tails that become cryptic during ontogeny are found in diverse taxa. Nevertheless, the evolutionary bases for this change remain debated. Recent work suggests that colorful tails, deflective displays, and striped patterns may represent antipredator mechanisms used by immature lizards to compensate for being more active and hence more vulnerable to predation (increased movement hypothesis, IMH). I challenged the generality of IMH by comparing foraging behavior and frequency of tail displays across five Acanthodactylus lizards that vary in fundamental life history traits, before and after the tail changed color. As these species underwent changes in tail coloration, they congruently adopted less risky behaviors and reduced the frequencies of tail displays. Contrary to expectation, in two species, the hatchling risky behavior resulted not from increased movements but from longer stay in exposed microhabitats. I suggest that colorful tails and deflective tail displays are synergistic antipredator mechanisms neonates use to minimize the fitness consequences of using various risky behaviors rather than increased movement alone.