Seasonal and treatment-process variations in invertebrates in drinking water treatment plants

• Seasonal and treatment-process variations in invertebrates in a DWTP were analyzed. • The propagation and leakage of invertebrates in BAC filter were the most serious. • Invertebrates can survive and reproduce in chlorine disinfected clear water tanks. • Proportions of endogenous invertebrates increased along the treatment process. Problems associated with excessive propagation and leakage of invertebrates in drinking water have received increasing attention in recent years. We performed a monthly survey of invertebrate abundance and taxa in the effluent of each treatment stage in a drinking water treatment plant between May 2015 and April 2016 and analyzed seasonal and treatment-process variations in invertebrates. The results showed that invertebrate abundances in raw water, effluent of the biological activated carbon (BAC) filter, and finished water significantly correlated with water temperature, whereas no correlation was observed between water temperature and invertebrate abundance in the effluents of the sedimentation tank and sand filter. The dominant taxa in the effluent of each treatment stage were rotifers, nematodes, and crustaceans. The sedimentation tank could efficiently remove invertebrates with an annual average removal rate of 92%. The propagation and leakage of invertebrates occurred in the sand and BAC filters but more seriously in the latter. The average reproduction rate in the BAC filter was 268.8% with rotifers as the taxon that leaked the most. Invertebrate survival and reproduction were also observed in the chlorine-disinfected clean water reservoir with an average reproduction rate of 41.9%. Owing to differences in chlorine resistance, the reproduction ability of the dominant taxa was in the order nematodes>crustaceans>rotifers. The proportion of endogenous invertebrates gradually increased along the treatment process. The average proportion of endogenous invertebrates in the finished water was higher than 79.0%. Our findings suggested that waterworks should pay more attention to endogenous invertebrate growth.     

Nitrogen removal from summer to winter in a field pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland-pond system

A pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland-pond（MCWP） system with a "pre-ecological oxidation pond, two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland（HSCW） and surface flow constructed wetland（SFCW） as the core and postsubmerged plant pond" as the process was used to treat actual polluted river water in the field, and the variation in nitrogen removal from summer to winter was investigated. The results showed that the average total nitrogen（TN） removal efficiency in the MCWP was approxi...     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取—高效液相色谱法测定水中7种三唑类农药残留

应用多壁碳纳米管自制固相萃取柱富集、净化,以乙腈-水为流动相,用乙酸乙酯洗脱,高效液相色谱进行分析检测,建立了环境水样中7种三唑类农药残留分析的方法。结果表明,在0.05~10.00mg/L线性范围内,方法检出限为0.000 9~0.047 7mg/L;农药的加标水平在0.25~1.00mg/L时,加标回收率为72.28%~106.60%,相对标准偏差为1.12%~9.73%。该方法操作简单,定性、定量准确,是对水样中三唑类农药残留液相色谱分析较理想的一种方法。     

The Transboundary Nature of the Allende–Piedras Negras Aquifer Using a Numerical Model Approach

The Allende–Piedras Negras (APN) aquifer is located between the states of Texas (United States [U.S.]) and Coahuila (Mexico). The Rio Grande crosses the aquifer, acting as a natural and political divide between the countries. However, it remains unclear whether the APN aquifer can be considered a truly transboundary aquifer flow system, which would potentially require joint management by two different administrative jurisdictions. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the transboundary nature of this aquifer. This was achieved by developing a detailed hydrogeological model to analyze the direction of volumetric fluxes within the APN aquifer using Visual MODFLOW. The model simulated a spatially averaged cumulative drawdown of 0.76 m for the entire aquifer over an 18‐year modeling period (2000–2017). The flow convergence zone, previously located below the Rio Grande, has shifted to the U.S. side in most locations, driven by higher pumping rates of the wells located near the river. This shift of the convergence zone from one country to the other means that groundwater recharge from one side flows underneath the river to the other side. This qualifies the APN aquifer as a “transboundary groundwater flow system.” The procedure followed in this study may be applied to other aquifers that straddle the U.S.–Mexico border and may motivate future modeling studies on other poorly studied transboundary aquifers around the world and thereby enable bi‐national aquifer management.     

生化/催化铁内循环工艺处理精细化工区污水

在中试规模上研究了采用"催化铁+A/O生化"及"A/O生化/催化铁内循环"工艺处理高有机浓度精细化工区污水的效果及特点。实验证明,催化铁作为生化预处理工艺处理此污水铁填料表面出现结垢及有机物黏附的现象。生化/催化铁内循环工艺对污水CODCr、NH3-N去除率分别为73%、19%,生化/催化铁出水投加少量混凝剂、助凝剂后,C0DCr、BOD5、色度去除率分别为81%、95%、91%;生化/催化铁内循环工艺将催化铁置于生化后可有效提高催化铁反应效率,避免铁填料表面出现结垢及黏附层等现象,内循环可保证催化铁对生化的促进及对水中部分难降解有机物的去除,但此工艺仍存在氨氮去除效果不佳等问题待解决。     

新型换热器的传热性能研究

提出一种适合污泥处理过程中的余热回收的新型隔板管壳换热器,并与同样规格的普通管壳换热器性能进行对比。建立了简化的壳程计算模型,应用FLUENT计算软件分别对普通管壳换热器和新型隔流板式换热器进行数值模拟,获得了2种热交换壳程内部的流动分布、温度分布和压力分布,并将模拟结果和试验数据进行对比。试验及模拟结果表明,新型隔板式换热器温度分布均匀、流动死区少、传热效率高,综合性能远高于普通管壳换热器。     

UASB-曝气法应用于饮料废水中出现的问题及分析

UASB-曝气法应用在饮料废水处理的前期运行良好,但运行后期出现了出水不达标的异常现象,通过运行数据和UASB常见问题的分析,发现使系统出现异常的原因是UASB反应器内部腐蚀、三相分离器不完善等的常见问题。针对这些问题提出了相应的解决措施和二次启动厌氧池的建议,以使该系统恢复运行效果。     

对羟基苯甲酸丙酯对食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)鳃和表皮K+流速的影响

食品、医药和化妆品等行业大量使用含有对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(propylparaben,PrP)的防腐剂导致其广泛分布于河流、空气和土壤等自然环境中.为探究PrP对鱼类的毒性作用,以食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)为模式生物,分别开展了急性毒性实验和K+流速检测实验.急性毒性实验中设置8种不同浓度的PrP溶液得到9...     

加砂压裂中固体支撑剂对压裂管道的冲蚀磨损研究

为研究压裂高压管汇在大排量携砂液输送过程中的管壁冲蚀磨损问题,应用CFD方法及Fluent软件,建立了高压管汇主要管件三通管的冲蚀模型,基于数值模拟计算研究了冲蚀发生机理及位置,探讨了高压管汇的冲蚀特点。结果表明:压裂液流动方向变化区域存在严重的冲蚀现象,如主管与支管连接处;三通主管下游段,内壁冲蚀主要是来自支管的固体支撑剂在运动方向改变时对内壁低角度切削;管汇里越靠近井口的三通因为压裂液流量增加,主管下游段两侧冲蚀越严重。该研究结果可为管汇设计制造、关键部位检测等提供技术参考。